Endocrine

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

The ability to keep your internal environment within normal/stable working limits.

Question 2

Homeostasis examples

Answer 2

body temp, BP, blood sugar, sodium, potassium

Question 3

What stimulates insulin secretion?

Answer 3

Sugar/glucose

Question 4

How does insulin travel to its target cells?

Answer 4

It travels thru blood

Question 5

How do cells receive the insulin signal?

Answer 5

Insulin attaches to its receptors

Question 6

After peaking, what causes insulin secretion to decrease?

Answer 6

Decrease in blood glucose

Question 7

Patient 1 cannot produce insulin. How would this condition affect blood glucose homeostasis?

Answer 7

High blood glucose

Question 8

Why do hormones target some cells but not others?

Answer 8

It must have a specific receptor

Question 9

What could go wrong with endocrine signaling?

Answer 9

1. damage to the gland
2. damage to the receptor
3. another chemical mimics the hormone and attaches to the recceptor

Question 10

How are endocrine organs stimulated?

Answer 10

1. Humoral
2. Neural
3. Hormonal

Question 11

Humoral

Answer 11

blood carries the hormone and stimulates the gland

Question 12

Neural

Answer 12

Sympathetic nervous system- Neurons stimulate the gland

Question 13

Hormonal

Answer 13

Hormone to hormone from one gland to another gland

Question 14

Neurohypophysis is also called

Answer 14

AKA- Posterior Pituitary gland

Question 15

Posterior Pituitary gland releases what hormones?

Answer 15

releases 2 hormones- ADH- (anti diuretic)

OT (oxytocin)

Question 16

Adenohypophysis is also called

Answer 16

AKA- Anterior Pituitary gland

Question 17

Anterior Pituitary gland produces what hormones?

Answer 17

Produces ACTH, FSH, LH, GH, TSH, MSH

Question 18

Hypothalamus produces what hormones?

Answer 18

Produces CRH, GHRH, GHIH, GnRH, TRH, PRH, PIH

Question 19

Follicle cells

Answer 19

Produce thyroid hormone (TH) - thyrogobulin

Question 20

colloid

Answer 20

stores thyrogobulin

Question 21

Parafollicular cells

Answer 21

Produces calcitonin

Question 22

Why do you think a number of major endocrine pathways utilize the H-P axis?

Answer 22

1. Nervous and endocrine systems merge at the H-P axis.

2. Feedback to the nervous system…pass on to the pituitary keeping checks and balances

Question 23

H- TRH

P- TSH

Answer 23

Target organ - Thyroid

Question 24

H- GHRH

P- GH

Answer 24

Target organ - liver and all body

Question 25

H-CRH

P- ACTH

Answer 25

Target organ- Adrenal cortex

Question 26

H-GnRH

P- FSH/LS

Answer 26

Target organ - Ovaries & testes

Question 27

H- PRH

P - PRL

Answer 27

Target organ- Breast

Question 28

ADH

Answer 28

Target organ - kidneys

Question 29

OT (oxytocin)

Answer 29

Target organ- Breast & Uterus

Question 30

Hypothyroid symptoms

Answer 30

weight gain, slow metabolism, tired, low blood pressure, low heart rate, sleepy

Question 31

Hashimoto’s disease

Answer 31

autoimmune disease where thyroid gland is gradually destroyed. Treated with Thyroxine

Question 32

Endemic goiter

Answer 32

enlarged thyroid gland due to dietary iodine.

Question 33

Cretinism

Answer 33

hypothyroidism in infants due to iodine deficiency.

Question 34

Hyperthyroid symptoms

Answer 34

increased heart rate, high blood pressure, weight loss

Question 35

Grave’s disease

Answer 35

autoimmune disease in which auto-antibodies stimulate the TSH receptor

Question 36

Adrenal glands

Answer 36

Located on top of kidneys. Hormones from adrenal glands help maintain homeostasis when the body is stressed.

Question 37

Adrenal Cortex

Answer 37

produces:
1. Glucocorticoids (Cortisol)
2. Aldosterone
3. Androgens

Question 38

Adrenal Medulla

Answer 38

Produces Epinephrine and norepinephrine in response to neural stimulation- fight or flight

Question 39

Pancreas

Answer 39

Is an endocrine & exocrine gland. It regulates blood glucose levels thru secretion of insulin & glucagon.