endocrine

Question 1

What are the 2 components that cause BPH?

Answer 1

Static component and Dynamic component

Static: prostate epithelial tissue is enlarged by androgens ie. DHT

Dynamic: smooth muscles of the urethra (passage that urine flows through) become more narrow / contract by a1 adrenergic activation

Question 2

How does bladder become over-sensitive long term?

Answer 2

Initially, bladder can force urine through narrowed urethra
Over time, bladder hypertrophy and decompensates
Bladder becomes overly sensitive, contract abnormally to small amounts of urine

Question 3

What symptoms are more common in BPH in early stage?

What symptoms only appear in the later stage of BPH?

Answer 3

Early stage: obstructive symptoms
Hesitancy
Weak stream
Sensation of incomplete emptying
Dribbling
Straining
Intermittent flow

Later stage: irritative symptoms
Dysuria (burning sensation)
Frequency
Nocturia
Urgency
Urinary Incontinence (cannot control urination)