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anaphy > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

Endocrine cells in body are:

A

Embedded singly or in clusters in organs such as Interstial cells of the kidney

Enterodocrine cells in the GIT

Interstitial cells of leydig in testis

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2
Q

Distance organs ‘ Endocrine glands

A

Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid Adrenal, Pineal

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3
Q

Defined component structures of organisms

A

Endocrine portion of hypothalamus

Islets of Langerhans in pancreas

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4
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Produces two groups of hormones

Posterior pituitary hormones ADH and oxytocin

Hypophysiotropic hormones

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5
Q

Posterior pituitary hormones

A

Synthesized by mag no cellular located in the Supra optic and paraventicualr nuclei of the m]hypothalamus

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6
Q

Oxytocin

A

In women stimulates smooth muscle contraction and aids in child birth

For men it is the sperm transport

Mammals - ejection of milk alveoli

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7
Q

Antidurietic hormone

A

Increases permeability tubules of the kidney (distal and convoluted) leads to concentrated urine

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8
Q

Types of hypo-hysiotropic hormones

A

+ releasing hormone after name
Corticotropin
Thryotropin
Growth hormone
Gondaotropin

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9
Q

Hypophysiotropic hormone

A

Synthesize in paravocellualr r located at periventicular and para ventricular of nuclei

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10
Q

Function of Hypophysiotropic

A

Regulate activity of secretory cells and pituitary glands

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11
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Ovoid body attached to inferior of hypothalamus

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12
Q

2 district part of pituitary

A

Neurohpyhysis posterior pituitary

Adenohypohis anterior pituitary

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13
Q

Neurohypophisis 3 regions (MIN)

A

Median eminences, Infundibulum, Nervosa

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14
Q

Median eminence

A

Downward continuation of hypothalamus, where the unmyelinated axons terminate.

Proximal portion, has something with parvocellular

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15
Q

Herring bodies

A

Very stained due to basophilic aggregation of granules in axonal dilations in pars nervosa and infundibulum

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16
Q

Pituitcytes

A

Non secretory supporting cells, similar morphologically to astrocytes are stellate cells

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17
Q

Adenohypophysis physiology

A

More cellular than neuro, produces hormones

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17
Q

Neurohypophysis parts (APS)

A

Not a gland only stores
Axons of sectors neurons
Piuticytes
Sinusoids/Fenestrated capillaries

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18
Q

3 regions of Adeno (DTI)

A

Pars distal is, Pars tuberalis, Pars intermedia

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19
Q

Pars distalis (anterior love)

A

70% of pituitary
Almost all hormones come from posterior lobe
2 types of parenchyma cells

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20
Q

2 types of parenchyma; cells
Cromophils
Chromophobes

A

Philis- cytoplasm is insanely colored

Phobe - pale staining majority of parenchyma

Phobes 65% phils 35%

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21
Q

2 chromophils classifications

A

Acidophils (alpha) red stain

Basophils (beta) blue stain.

22
Q

5 types of chromophils based on hormones that cells secrete
SAM (ACDIO)
TCG (BASO)

A

Sommatorphs
Mammotrophs
Thyrotophcs
Corticotrophs
Gandothrophs

23
Q

Acidoplis

A

Mammophils big secretory granule energy than somato, produces mammotropin or prolactin which stimulates growth and activity of mammary gland ung during pregnancy and lactation

Somatotrophs - 50% of the chromophils of posterior lobes, growth normie secretion and production

24
Q

Basophils

A

Thryotophs smalles sectors granules thryotropin which stimulates the horrid to produce more thyroid hormones

Cotricotrophs ovoid cells 20% of chromophils in anterior, cortioctrophim (adrenocorricotriph hormone) stimulates adrenal cortex to produce hormone

Gonadotrophs produce Gonadotrophis hair follicle stimulating and luteining hormone

25
Q

Chromophobes in relation to chormophils

A

Mostly cortioctrophs basically chormophils that just secreted their granules

26
Q

Other Chromophobes

A

Folluculosyellate cells long branching processes supportive roles

Undifferentiated cells

27
Q

Parts tuberalis

A

More vascular than pars distalis because blood vessels of hypophyseoportal system

Parencymalmcells and gonadotrophs and thyrotrophs

28
Q

Pars intermedia

A

Between posterior and anterior lobes

Rattles cysts are found (follicles)
Eosinophilia colloidal material

Synthesize melanocyte and an endorphins (pimers)

29
Q

Pineal gland

A

Pineaocytes 95% of cells in the gland (modified neurons)
Produces melatonin but is inhibited by light

30
Q

Interstial cells

A

Supporting cells smaller than pinealocytes / same like Astro

31
Q

Brainsands /

A

Extracellular calcifed body that have concentric lamellar
Increase with age

32
Q

Thyroid

A

Largest of the endocrine glands

Thyroid follicles irrecular and speherical strucutremsurrounded by fenestrated capillaries

Supported by thin stroma made of reticular fibers

Cavity is colloid wall is simple epithelium

33
Q

2 cells types of Simple epi wall

A

Follicular (principal cell) majority of epi (90) produce T3 and T4 touched collois

Luminal surface with microfilm 1 - 2 nucleoli

Parafollicular (mitochondria or c cells)

Bigger, lighter staining in clusters or singly produce calcitonin

Rest on basal laminate not touch colloid unlike folli

34
Q

Thyroid hormones

A

Thyroxine (T4)
Triiodothyronine (T3)
Calcitonin

35
Q

Follicular extra

A

Collects iodine from fenes rated and release to blood sr]tream sythesize thyroglobulin

36
Q

Tyrosine

A

Reside from thryoidglobulin produce by folli + iodine = t3 and t4 with the help of thyroid peroxiiee

37
Q

Thyrotropin

A

(Thyroid stimulating hormone) control t3 and t4 secretion

38
Q

Calcitonin

A

Thryocalc sytheiszed by parafolli
Lowers blood calcium level by suppressing bone resorption activity of osteoclasts

39
Q

Inactive and active follicles

A

Inact e-Tinwala are squamous or cuboidal colloid is acido

Active are Tao cuboidal or columnar colloid is baso

40
Q

Parathyroid gland

A

2 pairs superior and inferior consists of cell argganged in clusters surrounded by gene. Mix of parenchyma l and adipose

Follicles occasionally present

41
Q

Parenchyma l cells of parathyroid

A

Chief cells majority of parencymalm (principal) secretes parathyroid

Oxyphil cells (acdio[hil cells)
Absent in children bigger than chief

Insanely eosinophilia due to many granules from mitochondria with many crystiae

42
Q

_transitionslmcells

A

Between chief and oxyphil

43
Q

Parathyroid function

A

VIP regulator of blood calc
Increase osteoblast activity thus increase osteoclast inhibiting bone formation and activity of osteoblast

Enhancing renal absorbiton of calcium and in digestive tract. Increase conversion of vitamin D
O

43
Q

Adrenal or suprarenal gland

A

Left and right on the upper pole of each kidney

43
Q

3 classes of adrenocortic hormone GMA

A

Mineral corticouds
Glucocorticoids
Androgens

44
Q

2 regions of adrenal and suprarenal

A

Cortex above capsule
Medulla within gland
Adrenal cortex compromise 80-90% of adrenal gland

45
Q

Physio importance of GMA

A

Mineral - Aldosterone
Gluco - cortisol and corticosteroids
Andro - Dehydroepiandroesterone and andoresterone

46
Q

Concentric layer of Andreal cORTEX GFR

A

Zona glomerulosa
Faciticulusa
Reticularis

47
Q

Zona gloma

A

Outermost region, rounder or pyramidal epithelial cells, arranged in irregular or ovoid and seperate by sinusoids

48
Q

Glomeurosla

A

Increase mineral = increase aldosterone = increase in sodium reapportion of tubules in kidney

Deeply staining eosonphilic

49
Q

Zona fasiculuta

A

Thickest layer 75 - 80% adrenal cortex

Parenchmyal are large polyhedral that on;y acidophilus cytoplasm look like lipid droplets with empty space sumwhere

Long straight parenchymal in perpendicular network

50
Q

Spongiocytes

A

Vacillated empty space appearance

51
Q
A

anaphy (2 decks)

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