Endocrine Flashcards
Classes of Endocrine Drugs
Pituitary
Thyroid & Antithyroid
Antidiabetic
Adrenal Drugs
What Controls the Pituitary Gland
Hypothalmus
Parts of the Pituitary Gland
Anterior (Adenohyphphysis)
Posterior (Neurohypophysis)
Each lobe secrets different hormones
What are the anterior pituitary hormones?
Corticotropin & Thyrotropin
General info on Corticotropin
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) Acts on adrenal gland to promote synthesis & release of adrenocortical hormones
General info on Throtropin
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Growth Hormone (GH) Stimulates growth in almost all tissues and organs (Skeletal/muscle)
A deficiency of Growth Hormone results in
Pediatric Short Stature- retarded growth equal in all parts of body
An Excess of Growth Hormone results in
Gigantism- Pediatric, excessive growth before epiphyseal closure
Acromegaly- Adult, increased bone growth of face, hands, feet
Growth Hormone Prototype Drug
Somatropin (Humatrope, Nutropin)
Somatropin works by
-Stimulates Tissue building processes
*Increases size & number of muscle cells
*Increases size of internal organs
(Not brain or eyes)
-Stimulates Bone growth in length
-Releases more glucose
Indication for Somatropin
Pediatric Short Stature
Somatropin is given in the following forms
IM or Subcutaneous
Adverse effects of Somatropin
Hyperglycemia
Hypothyroidism
Antibody development
Somatropin Interactions
Glucocorticoids
Somatropin expected Therapeutic Response
Increased growth
Stop treatment prior to epiphyseal plate closure
Nursing implications for growth hormones
Document growth (height, weight), motor skills Monitor blood glucose, thyroid function, gallbladder function
Posterior Pituitary Hormones are
Oxytocin & Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Functions of Oxytocin
Stimulates contraction of uterine smooth muscle
Stimulates ejection of milk
Plays a role in mother’s attachment to infant
Functions of Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Promotes renal conservation of water
Acts on collecting ducts of kidney to increase their permeability to water Increased water reabsorption
Stimulates contraction of vascular and GI tract smooth muscle
Vasoconstriction results
Stimulated by high osmolality, hypotension, reduced plasma volume
ADH drug effects
Mimic actions of antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Increase water resorption & concentrate urine
Reduce water excretion up to 90%
ADH Prototype Drugs
Vasopressin, Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Vasopressin general info and uses
Potent vasoconstrictor (higher doses) Used for hypotensive emergencies (septic shock) Treatment of GI bleeds(vasoconstruction)
Desmopressin general info
Can be given IV, SC, PO, Intranasal
Really slows down urine
Less vasoconstriction
Desmopressin Indications
- Nocturnal enuresis
- Diabetes Insipidus
- Deficiency of ADH characterized by excessive thirst (polydipsia) and excretion of large volumes of dilute urine
- Caused by inherited factors, head trauma, cancer, neurosurgery
Vasopressin adverse effects
- Excessive vasoconstriction causing Angina and possibly MI
- Headache
Desmopressin adverse effects
Water intoxication
-Drowsiness, listlessness, headache
Vasopressin, Desmopressin nursing implications
Monitor:
- Vital Signs (especially BP)
- Weight
- Intake and Output, especially urine output
- Urine Specific Gravity(concentration) water is 1-pure the higher the concentration, the #
Therapeutic response for Vasopressin
Increased blood pressure
Therapeutic response for Desmopressin
Decreased thirst
Decreased urinary output
Decreased bleeding
