Endocrine Flashcards
increases the glucose
glucagon
what is the 4 parts of counter regulatory mechanism (GGGE)
- glucagon alpha cells in pancreas release liver stores of glucose
- epi stress reaction
- glucocorticoids from adrenals
- growth hormone - pitutary
insulin dependent/ totally disabled beta cells
diabetes type 1
tirad of diabetes management
diet
exercise
meds
AIC diagnostic criteria (3)
5.7-6.4 PRE
>= 6.5 DIABETES
>= 7 Uncontrolled
when do you get tested for DM
healthy/ no risks 35 years Q3 years
GD every 3. years for life
BMI >25 or 1 risk factor now & Q3 years
when to screen for pre diabetics & med options
yearly
metformin
BMI should be less than what
25
first line meds for HTN & DM
ACE/ARBS
BB/CCB/thiazides on some circumstances
when to refer to a nephrologist
GFR <30
diabetic eye care
DM1 dx dilated eyes within 5 years then Q1 year
DM2 dx dilated eyes Q year
avoid vigorous exercise with retinopathy
acute care glucose range recommendation
140-180
low TSH indicates
hyperactive thyroid
high TSH indicates
hypoactive thyroid
hashimotos is a form of
hypothyroidism
graves disease is a form of
hyperthyroidism
When should TSH be measured in a hospitalized patient
only when clinical symptoms lead to suspicion
total or free T3 is not tested in
hypothyroidism
what 2 labs should be tested in response to hypothyroid meds
TSH and Free T4
amiodarone therapy can cause
hyperthyroidism
hot, sweaty, weight loss, fatigue, tachycardia/AF, anxiety, bug eyed
hyperthyroidism
T3 may elevate first in
hyperthyroidism
Methimazole
propylthiouracil (PTU)
iopanoid acid
hyperthyroid meds
goiters and marked bug eyes are s/s of
graves disease (hyperthyroidism)
hypermetabolic state, extremely ill/rare
hyperthyroidism storm
In thryoid cancer, what do “cold” and “hot” nodules mean
“cold” do not absorb iodine so likely CANCER
“hot” do absorb iodine so less likely cancer
Synthroid, levothroid
thyroid medications
confused and delirium patient consider testing TSH for
myxedema coma/severe untreated hypothyroidism
goiters and autoimmune with hypothyroidism is
hashiomotos
a reaction that occurs when patient holds onto fluids (endocrine)
SIADH
medication that can cause abnormal ADH secretion
morphine
Intake > Output
weight increase
edema
vomitting/abd cramps
SIADH
LOW serum osmolarity HIGH urine osmolarity
LOW serum sodium HIGH urine sodium
SIADH
TX for SIADH
restrict free water
force diuresis with NS & Lasix
hypertonic (3%) NS
Vaptans are sued for
SIADH by antagonizing vasopressin receptors
recommended Na correction recommendation
1-2mEq/hr
10 mEq/day
polyuric syndrome that results from deficient/insensitive ADH; causing volume depletion
diabetes inSIPidus
medications that induce renal deficiency leading to DI
litium
methicillin
LOC changes thirst hypotension tachycardia poor skin turgor elevated temp increaes UO
Diabetes Insipidus
HIGH serum osmolarity. LOW urine osmolarity
Diabetes Insipidus