endocrine Flashcards
What does the endocrine system do?
releases hormones as chemical messages helping to maintain homeostasis
what are hormones?
potent chemicals that activate seperate receptors
What are some of the functions of hormones?
- regulate gene expression
- open/close ion channels
- stimulate secretion and cell division
- activate and deactivate enzymes
hydrophilic hormones
- water soluble
- may have carriers in the blood stream
hydrophobic hormones:
- don’t mix with water
- move through the blood stream on carrier proteins
- pass through cell membrane via diffusion or cell carriers
What are the 2 stages of protein synthesis?
- transcription
2. translation
Transcription:
Takes a single gene of DNA and copies it onto MRNA
Translation:
Takes MRNA strand to produce a protein
Growth hormone:
hypothalamus-> anterior pituitary -> growth hormone -> liver -> insulin growth factor 1
- growth in children, metabolism in adults
- released while asleep and stimulated during exercise
Growth hormone deficiency result:
dwarfism
Growth hormone excess result:
- gigantism
- Acromegaly- hands, feet, jaw & internal organs enlarge
Thyroid gland
produces T3 + T4
Goitre
enlargement of thyroid gland
anabolic:
make large molecules
catabolic:
Break down large molecules