endocrine Flashcards

1
Q

What does the endocrine system do?

A

releases hormones as chemical messages helping to maintain homeostasis

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2
Q

what are hormones?

A

potent chemicals that activate seperate receptors

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3
Q

What are some of the functions of hormones?

A
  • regulate gene expression
  • open/close ion channels
  • stimulate secretion and cell division
  • activate and deactivate enzymes
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4
Q

hydrophilic hormones

A
  • water soluble

- may have carriers in the blood stream

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5
Q

hydrophobic hormones:

A
  • don’t mix with water
  • move through the blood stream on carrier proteins
  • pass through cell membrane via diffusion or cell carriers
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6
Q

What are the 2 stages of protein synthesis?

A
  1. transcription

2. translation

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7
Q

Transcription:

A

Takes a single gene of DNA and copies it onto MRNA

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8
Q

Translation:

A

Takes MRNA strand to produce a protein

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9
Q

Growth hormone:

A

hypothalamus-> anterior pituitary -> growth hormone -> liver -> insulin growth factor 1

  • growth in children, metabolism in adults
  • released while asleep and stimulated during exercise
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10
Q

Growth hormone deficiency result:

A

dwarfism

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11
Q

Growth hormone excess result:

A
  • gigantism

- Acromegaly- hands, feet, jaw & internal organs enlarge

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12
Q

Thyroid gland

A

produces T3 + T4

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13
Q

Goitre

A

enlargement of thyroid gland

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14
Q

anabolic:

A

make large molecules

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15
Q

catabolic:

A

Break down large molecules

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