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Endocrinal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

base of the brain

A

pituitary gland

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2
Q

master gland of pituitary

A

anterior or adenohypophysis

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3
Q

ADH or vasopressin and oxytocin

A

porterior or nuerohypophysis

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4
Q

Anterior Pituitary hormones

are regulated by

A

negative
feedback: TSH, ACTH, FSH,
LH, GH, PL and MSH

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5
Q

released because of TRH from hypothalamus

  • T4 Thyroxine
  • T3 Triiodothyronine
A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone/Thyrotropic

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6
Q

released because of Corticotropin Releasing Factor from hypothalamus

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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7
Q

2 Hormones Regulate GH:

A

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GN-RH)
2. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
(GN-IH; somatostatin)

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8
Q

SE and Admin of Growth Hormone

A

NOT given orally
given thru SQ or IM
* Can cause DM

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9
Q

Drugs for Deficiency of GH

A

somatrem (Protropin)

somatropin (Humatrope)

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10
Q

somatropin (Humatrope) is for

A

C/I for pedia patients
with growth deficiency due to Prader Willi
syndrome, severely obese, severe respiratory
impairment

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11
Q

a drug that Promotes bone growth at epiphyseal
plates of long bones
Acts on newly forming bone
GH can increase height by a foot

A

somatropin (Humatrope)

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12
Q

Excess of GH

A

Gigantism – during childhood

Acromegaly – after puberty

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13
Q

cause of excess of GH

A

Due to GH hypersecretion or pituitary tumor

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14
Q

drugs for excess GH

A

bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) – inhibits the
release of GH
octreotide (Sandostatin) – potent synthetic
somatostatin.GI side effects are COMMON

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15
Q

Releases thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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16
Q

Hypothyroidism. Maybe caused by
thyroid gland disorder (primary) or
decrease in TSH secretion (secondary)

A

Deficit TSH

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17
Q

drugs for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

thyrotropin (Thyropar) – purified extract of TSH
used to diagnose primary and secondary
hypothyroidism

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18
Q

Stimulates the release of the ff:

  1. glucocorticoids (cortisol) - follows diurnal rythmn
  2. mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
  3. androgen
A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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19
Q

drugs of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

corticotropin (Acthar) given IV or IM

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20
Q

corticotropin (Acthar) given IV or IM side effects and use

A

Agent in the diagnosis of adrenal gland disorder
 Used in the treatment of adrenal gland
insufficiency
 Suppresses inflammatory and immune response
 SE: sodium and water retention

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21
Q

secretes Antidiuretic Hormone/Vasopressin AND

Oxytocin

A

neurohypophysis

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22
Q

ADH side effects

A

ADH promotes water reabsorption

ADH deficit leads to Diabetes Insipidus

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23
Q

drugs of Antidiuretic Hormone/Vasopressin AND

Oxytocin

A

desmopressin (DDAVP)
vasopressin (Pitressin)
Given intranasally or injection

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24
Q

NX for ADH drugs

A

Monitor v/s and UO - Increasing HR, decreasing

systolic pressure

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25
NX for ACTH
Observe client’s weight for possible edema Taper the dose Electrolyte monitoring
26
NX of drugs for GH
Monitor blood sugar and electrolyte levels | possible hyperglycemia
27
stimulate metabolism and cardiac | function.
Thyroid hormones
28
Caused of Hypothyroidism
Primary cause (thyroid gland disorder – decreased T4 and elevated TSH)  Secondary cause (lack of TSH secretion)
29
is hypothyroidism in infants. Infant will be short in stature and delayed in mental and physical development
Cretinism
30
is hypothyroidism in adults
Myxedema i
31
Manifestations: of hypothyroidism
bradycardia, cold and dry skin, brittle hair, low body temperature, fatigue, cold intolerance, flat affect, slowed cognition, and weight gain
32
Drug Therapy: of hypothyrodism
levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) commonly used, increases T3 and T4. Drug of choice. With longer half-life and highly protein bound drugs. Excreted in the bile and feces. liothyronine (Cytomel), synthetic T3, useful as initial treatment for Myxedema. Shorter half-life liotrix (Euthroid, Thyrolar) Mixture of levothyroxine and liothyronine
33
Mixture of levothyroxine and liothyronine
liotrix (Euthroid, Thyrolar
34
manifestations of Hyperthyroidism
tachycardia, dysrhythmias, palpitations, excessive perspiration, heat intolerance, nervousness, irritability, exopthalmos, weight loss
35
surgery of hyperthyroidism
Subtotal Thyroidectomy
36
drugs for cardiac symptoms of hyperthyroidism
propanolol (Inderal)
37
drug therapy for Hyperthyroidism
``` Thiourea derivatives (Thioamides) – drug of choice. Blocks thyroid hormone. No effect with thyroid tissue ```
38
2 thioamides:
propylthiouracil (PTU) for thyrotoxic crisis | methimazole (Tapazole) –
39
have been used to suppress thyroid function for those who have undergone subtotal thyroidectomy
Iodide preparations
40
strong iodine solution
(Lugol’s solution, | Potassium iodide solution) SE: teeth discoloration
41
Thyroid drugs increases | the effect of
anticoagulants and decreases insulin effects
42
Client health teaching: | For hypothyroidism
-Take drug same time each day, pre-breakfast -To report signs of hyperthyroidism -Avoid foods that can inhibit thyroid secretions(strawberry, peach, pear, cabbage, cauliflower, radish, peas)
43
Client teaching: For hyperthyroidism
-Taken with meals -Avoid iodine and iodine-containing food, OTC cough meds - To report signs of hypothyroidism -Avoid the drugs if pregnant or breastfeeding
44
regulates calcium levels in the blood. Decrease in serum calcium stimulates the release of PTH
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
45
PTH agents treat
hypoparathyroidism
46
PTH agents promotes
Promotes calcium absorption from the GI tract • Promote reabsorption of calcium from renal tubules • Activates Vitamin D
47
Hypoparathyroidism and Hypocalcemia Agents
calcitriol (Rocaltrol) – Vitamin D analogue. Increases serum calcium with long onset, peak & duration of action calcifediol (Calderol) – bone disease and hypocalcemia associated with chronic renal disease and dialysis
48
caused by malignancies of the parathyroid glands or ectopic PTH secretion from lung cancer, hyperthyroidism or prolonged immobility
Hyperthyroidism
49
Hyperparathyroidism and Hypercalcemia Agents
calcitonin (human) (Cibacalcin) – Paget’s disease calcitonin (salmon) (Calcimar) – more potent Etidronate (Didronel)
50
Body absorbs old bone and forms | abnormal new bone
PAGET’S DISEASE
51
Client teaching: HYPOPARATHYROIDISM
Report symptoms of tetany
52
Client teaching: HYPERPARATHYROIDISM
Report signs: bone pain, anorexia, NV, thirst, constipation, lethargy, bradycardia and polyuria • Check OTC drugs for calcium content (vitamins and antacid)
53
Adrenal cortex produces two hormones or | corticosteroids:
glucocorticoids (cortisol) and | mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
54
decrease in corticosteroid disease
Addison’s disease
55
increase in corticosteroid syndrome
Cushing’s syndrome
56
increase in corticosteroid syndrome
Cushing’s syndrome
57
S/S of addison's disease
weight loss, fatigue, hyperpigmentation, muscle weakness, low blood pressure
58
Glucocorticoids/ Cortisone drugs
``` Short-acting cortisone acetate (Cortone Acetate) hydrocortisone (Cortef) Intermediate-acting methylprednisolone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol) prednisolone (Hydeltrasol) prednisone (Deltasone) – “inexpensive” Long-acting betamethasone (Celestone) dexamethasone (Decadron) – potent glucocorticoid ```
59
Interventions: Glucocorticoids/ Cortisone drugs
Check BP, Na and water retention * Record weight (5lbs in several days) * Check electrolytes and blood sugar level * Check s/Sx of increased Osteoporosis
60
Used in treating clients with Cushing’s syndrome
Glucocorticoid Inhibitors
61
Glucocorticoid Inhibitors drugs
ketoconazole (Nizoral) – adjunct to surgery or radiation aminoglutethimide (Cytadren) – used as temporary treatment Mitotane (Lysodren) – ANTINEOPLASTIC hormone antagonist
62
Given with a glucocorticoid Secrete aldosterone that maintain fluid balance by promoting the reabsorption of Na from the renal tubules
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
63
Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) drug
fludrocortisone (Florinef) – oral mineralocorticoid, | given with glucocorticoid

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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