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Pharmacology > Endocrinal Drugs > Flashcards

Endocrinal Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

base of the brain

A

pituitary gland

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2
Q

master gland of pituitary

A

anterior or adenohypophysis

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3
Q

ADH or vasopressin and oxytocin

A

porterior or nuerohypophysis

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4
Q

Anterior Pituitary hormones

are regulated by

A

negative
feedback: TSH, ACTH, FSH,
LH, GH, PL and MSH

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5
Q

released because of TRH from hypothalamus

  • T4 Thyroxine
  • T3 Triiodothyronine
A

Thyroid-stimulating hormone/Thyrotropic

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6
Q

released because of Corticotropin Releasing Factor from hypothalamus

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

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7
Q

2 Hormones Regulate GH:

A

Growth hormone-releasing hormone (GN-RH)
2. Growth hormone-inhibiting hormone
(GN-IH; somatostatin)

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8
Q

SE and Admin of Growth Hormone

A

NOT given orally
given thru SQ or IM
* Can cause DM

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9
Q

Drugs for Deficiency of GH

A

somatrem (Protropin)

somatropin (Humatrope)

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10
Q

somatropin (Humatrope) is for

A

C/I for pedia patients
with growth deficiency due to Prader Willi
syndrome, severely obese, severe respiratory
impairment

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11
Q

a drug that Promotes bone growth at epiphyseal
plates of long bones
Acts on newly forming bone
GH can increase height by a foot

A

somatropin (Humatrope)

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12
Q

Excess of GH

A

Gigantism – during childhood

Acromegaly – after puberty

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13
Q

cause of excess of GH

A

Due to GH hypersecretion or pituitary tumor

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14
Q

drugs for excess GH

A

bromocriptine mesylate (Parlodel) – inhibits the
release of GH
octreotide (Sandostatin) – potent synthetic
somatostatin.GI side effects are COMMON

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15
Q

Releases thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)

A

Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

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16
Q

Hypothyroidism. Maybe caused by
thyroid gland disorder (primary) or
decrease in TSH secretion (secondary)

A

Deficit TSH

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17
Q

drugs for Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone (TSH)

A

thyrotropin (Thyropar) – purified extract of TSH
used to diagnose primary and secondary
hypothyroidism

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18
Q

Stimulates the release of the ff:

  1. glucocorticoids (cortisol) - follows diurnal rythmn
  2. mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)
  3. androgen
A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

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19
Q

drugs of Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

A

corticotropin (Acthar) given IV or IM

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20
Q

corticotropin (Acthar) given IV or IM side effects and use

A

Agent in the diagnosis of adrenal gland disorder
 Used in the treatment of adrenal gland
insufficiency
 Suppresses inflammatory and immune response
 SE: sodium and water retention

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21
Q

secretes Antidiuretic Hormone/Vasopressin AND

Oxytocin

A

neurohypophysis

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22
Q

ADH side effects

A

ADH promotes water reabsorption

ADH deficit leads to Diabetes Insipidus

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23
Q

drugs of Antidiuretic Hormone/Vasopressin AND

Oxytocin

A

desmopressin (DDAVP)
vasopressin (Pitressin)
Given intranasally or injection

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24
Q

NX for ADH drugs

A

Monitor v/s and UO - Increasing HR, decreasing

systolic pressure

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25
Q

NX for ACTH

A

Observe client’s weight for possible edema
Taper the dose
Electrolyte monitoring

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26
Q

NX of drugs for GH

A

Monitor blood sugar and electrolyte levels

possible hyperglycemia

27
Q

stimulate metabolism and cardiac

function.

A

Thyroid hormones

28
Q

Caused of Hypothyroidism

A

Primary cause (thyroid gland disorder – decreased
T4 and elevated TSH)
 Secondary cause (lack of TSH secretion)

29
Q

is hypothyroidism in
infants. Infant will be short in stature and
delayed in mental and physical
development

A

Cretinism

30
Q

is hypothyroidism in adults

A

Myxedema i

31
Q

Manifestations: of hypothyroidism

A

bradycardia, cold and dry skin, brittle hair, low
body temperature, fatigue, cold intolerance, flat
affect, slowed cognition, and weight gain

32
Q

Drug Therapy: of hypothyrodism

A

levothyroxine (Synthroid, Levothroid) commonly
used, increases T3 and T4. Drug of choice. With
longer half-life and highly protein bound drugs.
Excreted in the bile and feces.
liothyronine (Cytomel), synthetic T3, useful as initial
treatment for Myxedema. Shorter half-life
liotrix (Euthroid, Thyrolar)
Mixture of levothyroxine and liothyronine

33
Q

Mixture of levothyroxine and liothyronine

A

liotrix (Euthroid, Thyrolar

34
Q

manifestations of Hyperthyroidism

A

tachycardia, dysrhythmias,
palpitations, excessive perspiration, heat intolerance,
nervousness, irritability, exopthalmos, weight loss

35
Q

surgery of hyperthyroidism

A

Subtotal Thyroidectomy

36
Q

drugs for cardiac symptoms of hyperthyroidism

A

propanolol (Inderal)

37
Q

drug therapy for Hyperthyroidism

A 
Thiourea derivatives (Thioamides) – drug of choice.
Blocks thyroid hormone. No effect with thyroid tissue
38
Q

2 thioamides:

A

propylthiouracil (PTU) for thyrotoxic crisis

methimazole (Tapazole) –

39
Q

have been used to suppress
thyroid function for those who have undergone
subtotal thyroidectomy

A

Iodide preparations

40
Q

strong iodine solution

A

(Lugol’s solution,

Potassium iodide solution) SE: teeth discoloration

41
Q

Thyroid drugs increases

the effect of

A

anticoagulants
and decreases insulin
effects

42
Q

Client health teaching:

For hypothyroidism

A

-Take drug same time each day, pre-breakfast
-To report signs of hyperthyroidism
-Avoid foods that can inhibit thyroid
secretions(strawberry, peach, pear, cabbage,
cauliflower, radish, peas)

43
Q

Client teaching: For hyperthyroidism

A

-Taken with meals
-Avoid iodine and iodine-containing food, OTC
cough meds
- To report signs of hypothyroidism
-Avoid the drugs if pregnant or breastfeeding

44
Q

regulates calcium levels
in the blood.
Decrease in serum calcium stimulates the
release of PTH

A

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

45
Q

PTH agents treat

A

hypoparathyroidism

46
Q

PTH agents promotes

A

Promotes calcium absorption from the GI tract
• Promote reabsorption of calcium from renal tubules
• Activates Vitamin D

47
Q

Hypoparathyroidism and Hypocalcemia Agents

A

calcitriol (Rocaltrol) – Vitamin D analogue.
Increases serum calcium with long onset, peak &
duration of action
calcifediol (Calderol) – bone disease and
hypocalcemia associated with chronic renal disease
and dialysis

48
Q

caused by malignancies of the
parathyroid glands or ectopic PTH secretion from
lung cancer, hyperthyroidism or prolonged
immobility

A

Hyperthyroidism

49
Q

Hyperparathyroidism and Hypercalcemia Agents

A

calcitonin (human) (Cibacalcin) – Paget’s disease
calcitonin (salmon) (Calcimar) – more potent
Etidronate (Didronel)

50
Q

Body absorbs old bone and forms

abnormal new bone

A

PAGET’S DISEASE

51
Q

Client teaching: HYPOPARATHYROIDISM

A

Report symptoms of tetany

52
Q

Client teaching: HYPERPARATHYROIDISM

A

Report signs: bone pain, anorexia, NV, thirst,
constipation, lethargy, bradycardia and polyuria
• Check OTC drugs for calcium content (vitamins and
antacid)

53
Q

Adrenal cortex produces two hormones or

corticosteroids:

A

glucocorticoids (cortisol) and

mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

54
Q

decrease in corticosteroid disease

A

Addison’s disease

55
Q

increase in corticosteroid syndrome

A

Cushing’s syndrome

56
Q

increase in corticosteroid syndrome

A

Cushing’s syndrome

57
Q

S/S of addison’s disease

A

weight loss, fatigue,
hyperpigmentation, muscle
weakness, low blood pressure

58
Q

Glucocorticoids/ Cortisone drugs

A 
Short-acting
cortisone acetate (Cortone Acetate)
hydrocortisone (Cortef)
Intermediate-acting
methylprednisolone (Medrol, Solu-Medrol)
prednisolone (Hydeltrasol)
prednisone (Deltasone) – “inexpensive”
Long-acting
betamethasone (Celestone)
dexamethasone (Decadron) – potent glucocorticoid
59
Q

Interventions: Glucocorticoids/ Cortisone drugs

A

Check BP, Na and water retention

  • Record weight (5lbs in several days)
  • Check electrolytes and blood sugar level
  • Check s/Sx of increased Osteoporosis
60
Q

Used in treating clients with Cushing’s syndrome

A

Glucocorticoid Inhibitors

61
Q

Glucocorticoid Inhibitors drugs

A

ketoconazole (Nizoral) – adjunct to surgery or
radiation
aminoglutethimide (Cytadren) – used as temporary
treatment
Mitotane (Lysodren) – ANTINEOPLASTIC hormone
antagonist

62
Q

Given with a glucocorticoid
Secrete aldosterone that maintain fluid balance by
promoting the reabsorption of Na from the renal
tubules

A

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone)

63
Q

Mineralocorticoids (aldosterone) drug

A

fludrocortisone (Florinef) – oral mineralocorticoid,

given with glucocorticoid

Pharmacology (4 decks)

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