ENDOC- THYROTOXICOSIS Flashcards
_____________ is defined as the state of thyroid hormone excess and is not synonymous with hyperthyroidism , which is the result of excessive thyroid function.
Thyrotoxicosis
However, the major etiologies of thyrotoxicosis are _______________
hyperthyroidism caused by:
- Graves’ disease,
- toxic MNG,
- and toxic adenomas.
•state of thyroid hormone excess
•Thyrotoxicosis
•excessive thyroid function
•Hyperthyroidism
Causes of Thyrotoxicosis
- Primary Hyperthyroidism
- thyrotoxicosis without hyperthyroidism
- Secondary Hyperthyroidism
4.
Primary Hyperthyroidism
- Graves’ disease
- Toxic Multinodular goiter
- Toxic Adenoma
- Functioning thyroid carcinoma metastases
- ACtivating mutation of the TSH receptor
- Activating mutation of Galpha ( McCune-Albright syndrome)
- Struma ovarii
- Drugs: Iodine excess ( Jod- Basedow phenomenon)
Thyrotoxicosis without Hyperthyroidism
- Subacute thyroiditis
- Silent Thyroiditis
- Other causes of thyroid destruction; amiodarone, radiation, infarction of adenoma
- Ingestiopm pf excess thyroid hormone ( thyrotoxicosis factitia) or thyroid tissue
SEcondary Hyperthyroidism
- TSH-secreting pituitary adenoma
- Thyroid homrone resitance syndrome; occasional patient may have features of thyrotoxicosis
- Chorionic Gonadotropin-secrreting tumors
- Gestational thyrotoxicosis
What are the symptoms of Thyrotoxicosis in Descending Order of Frequency
- Hyperactivity, irritability, dysphoria
- Heat intolerance and sweating
- Palpitations
- fatigue and weakness
- Weightloss with increased appetite
- Diarrhea
- polyuria
- oligomenorrhea
- loss of libido
What are Thyrotoxicosis in Descending order of Frequency
- Tachycardia: atrial fibrillation in the elderly
- tremor
- Goiter
- Warm, moist skin
- Muscle weakness, proximal myopathy
- Lid retraction or lag
- Gynecomastia
Thyrotoxicosis
- Gravess Disease
- Thyroiditis
- acute
- subacute
- silent
- Toxic Multinodular Goiter
- Hyperfunctioning Solitary Nodule
_____________- accounts for 60–80% of thyrotoxicosis.
Graves’ disease
The prevalence of Graves’ disease varies among populations, reflecting _____________________.
genetic factors and iodine intake (high iodine intake is associated with an increased prevalence of Graves’ disease).
Graves’ disease occurs in up to 2% of women but is one-tenth as frequent in men.
Mas madami sa boys
Graves’ dse rarely begins before adolescence and typically occurs between ____________of age; it also occurs in the elderly.
20 and 50 years