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05 Endo > Endo Nutri > Flashcards

Endo Nutri Flashcards

1
Q

waist circumference cut off values

A

men: 36 in
women: 32 in

asian: 90 cm men, 80 cm women
who: 101.6 cm men, 88.9 cm women

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2
Q

bmi overweight cut off

A

asian: 23
who: 25

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3
Q

bmi obese cut off

A

asian: 25
who: 30

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4
Q

treatment based on bmi

A

diet, physical activity, behavioral therapy in all
pharmacology bmi 27-29.9 (25-27.4) and >30 (>27.5)
metabolic surgery >30

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5
Q

modest weight loss definition

A

sustained reduction of 5% of initial body weight

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6
Q

caloric factors based on activity

A

bedrest 25
sedentary 30
moderate 35
active 40

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7
Q

ideal body weight calculation

A

women 100 lbs for 5 feet +5 per in

men 106 for 5 feet + 6 lbs per in

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8
Q

aerobic exercise

A

rhythmic, repeated, and continuous movement of the same large muscle groups for at least 10 minutes at a time

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9
Q

resistance exercise

A

activities that use muscular strength to move a weight or work against a resistant load

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10
Q

moderate intensity exercise

A

should result to an increase of hr to 50-70% of max hr

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11
Q

vigorous intensity exercise

A

> 70% of a person’s max hr

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12
Q

t/f if physical activity is performed within 1-2 hours of mealtime insulin, increase the dose to prevent hypoglycemia

A

f, you should lower the dose

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13
Q

t/f in t1dm if blood glucose is >300, recheck in 5-10 mins before exercising

A

true

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14
Q

t/f in t2dm, if blood glucose is >400 do not exercise

A

true

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15
Q

t/f if blood glucose is <70 mg/dl, ok to exercise

A

false, DO NOT EXERCISE

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16
Q

how to prevent hypogly

A

exercise 1 1/2 hrs after eating
check blood glucose before, during, and after exercise
avoid exercising during peak of insulin administration
avoid hot tubs and saunas
have a snack handy

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17
Q

hypoglycemia management

A

mild and conscious: 10-15 mg carbohydrates

convulsing or unconscious: do not attempt to feed, rub sugar on gums ang take to ER for IV glucose

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18
Q

abcdes in diabetes for vascular protection

A 
a1c < 7%
BP < 130/80
cholesterol ldl <100
drugs to protect the heart (ace, arb, statins, asa)
exercise/eat healthy
smoking cessation
19
Q

effects of high gi vs low gi foods

A

high gi: rapid rise in bs, rapid fall in bs

low gi: slow increase in bs, gradual fall in bs

20
Q

t/f in deciding between food options, prioritize high gi foods

A

f, prioritize low gi foods

21
Q

what affects gi?

A

fiber and fat lower the gi

more cooked/processed food = higher gi

22
Q

carb counting or carb exchange?

A

both!

23
Q

fruit recommendation for diabetics

A

limit the fruits and take the whole fruit

24
Q

how to carbo counting

A

women 45-60 g/meal
men 60-75 g/meal
snacks 15-30 g

eat the same amount of carbs each day, 50% of food to come from carbs

25
Q

“tin’s estimate”

A

(calories/100)/2 = x-1

26
Q

best eating pattern for px on long-acting insulin and oral medications

A

consistently eat at the same times everyday, 3 meals and 1-2 snacks

skipped meals = hypogly

27
Q

best eating pattern for flexible insulin therapy px

A

carbo counting, fat and protein estimation

28
Q

best eating pattern for px on fixed insulin

A

consistent pattern of carb intake with respect to time and amount

29
Q

_____ is recommended when calorie and carb counting is hard

A

portion control (especially for elderly)

30
Q

food recommended to prevent/treat cvd

A

omega 3 fatty acids, fish (EPA and DHA)

nuts and seed (ALA)

31
Q

recommended sodium consumption

A

2,300 mg/day

32
Q

hyperuricemia

A

plasma urate concentration >7 mg/dl (>6 mg/dl for women)

33
Q

complications of hyperuricemia

A

gout
nephrolithiasis
urate nephropathy
uric acid nephropathy

34
Q

clinical features of gout

A

acute gouty arthritis
mimics cellulitis
attacks subside in 3-10 days without residual symptoms until next episode

35
Q

gold standard diagnosis for gout

A

synovial fluid examination

36
Q

radiographic features of gout

A

cystic changes, well-defined erosions described as punched-out lytic lesion
tophi has soft tissue calcified masses

37
Q

distinguishing sign for gout

A

patient has similar attack in the past
male/post-menopause
one joint is affected
history of alcoholism

38
Q

differential diagnoses for gout

A 
trauma (do xray -> -  -> synovial fluid)
septic arthritis (gram stain and culture)
renal complications (check urea and electrolytes)
39
Q

t/f not all gout patients have increased uric acid levels in the blood

A

true

40
Q

clinical triad for gout

A

inflammatory monarthritis
elevated serum uric acid
response to colchicine

41
Q

overproducer vs underexcreter of uric acid

A

low purine diet for 3-5 days

UA > 600 mg: overproducer
ua < 600 mg: underexcreter

42
Q

mainstay therapy for gout

A

nsaids

43
Q

other treatments for gout

A

colchicine
glucocorticoid (IA)
diet change and exercise

05 Endo (16 decks)

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