Endo: Diabetes Medications Flashcards
Beta cells produce insulin in response to beta-____ stimulation (among many other things).
2 (think of LangerHansel with the beta-2-tuba)
The most potent stimulator of insulin release is ________.
glucose (like LangerHansel’s candy that is super large)
Glucose increases _________ in beta cells.
ATP (from glycolysis)
Increased intracellular ATP leads to ________ of potassium channels.
closing
____________ open in response to closing of potassium channels.
Voltage-sensitive calcium channels (think of the calci-yum ice-cream flowers bending over the fence when Gretel grabs the candy)
Insulin binds to a __________.
tyrosine kinase (just like the tyrosine tire swing)
Insulin induces ___________ translocation.
GLUT4 (think of the four door)
Insulin does what in liver cells?
Increases glycogen storage (think of the liver-shaped jar being filled with glycogen candies)
In the muscles, insulin stimulates __________.
glycogen and protein synthesis (think of the glycogen glaze)
In adipocytes, insulin ___________.
stimulates the conversion of carbohydrates into fat
Remember that insulin administration causes a drop in __________.
potassium (just like the banana bitten off by the old hags)
List the rapid-acting, short-duration insulin analogs (great for postprandial needs).
Glulisine, aspart, and lispro (“Girls And Lads” sign on the tall tower –like the tall peak in insulin)
Why are the glulisine, aspart, and lispro agents fast-acting?
They don’t polymerize like insulin because of amino-acid modifications.
The two intermediate-acting insulin analogs are ___________. (These form dimers.)
regular insulin and NPH (neutral protamine hagedorn) insulin (Think of the “Rest Now” sign above the more gradual peak on the witch’s house.)
The only insulin drug that can be given IV is ________. Subcutaneous insulin is harder to control.
regular insulin (like the IVy under the “Rest” sign)
The two long-acting insulins are _______________.
detemir and glargine (“Don’t Go”)
Hypoglycemia presents with signs similar to ___________.
autonomic hyperactivity (tachycardia, palpitations, sweating, and nausea)
“Glucagon… for when your glucose __________.
is gone.”
How does sulfonylurea work?
It binds and closes the potassium channels in beta cells, stimulating the depolarization that causes release of insulin. (Think of the sulfonylurea swan in the beta cell pond.)
The first-generation sulfonylurea drugs end in the ______ suffix.
-amide (tolbutamide and chlorpropamide), just like how the sulfonylurea swan is in A MaID outfit
The second-generation sulfonylurea drugs are __________.
glyburide, glipizide, and glimepiride (think of the TWO little swans RIDing on the big swan’s back)