Endo Anat + Physio Flashcards
Name 3 layers of adrenal gland cortex + medulla
What do they produce?
Zona
Glomerulosa (aldosterone)
Fasciculata (cortisol)
Reticularis (androgens)
Medulla (E, NE) - Chromaffin cells aka PHEOCHROMOCYTES
Origin of cortex vs medulla of adrenal gland
Cortex - mesoderm
Medulla - neural crest
Origin of pituitary gland
Ant - Roof of pharynx
Pos - From nervous tissue
Layers of pituitary gland
Ant -
Pars tuberalis (undifferentiated)
Pars distalis
Pars Intermedia (btwn ant & pos)
Pos -
Pars nervosa
Neural stalk
Cell types in ant pituitary
Pars distalis
Chromophils
- Acidophils (GH & Prolactin)
- Basophils (The rest)
Chromophobes (degenerated chromophils)
Melanotrophs (in pars intermedia)
Cell types in pos pituitary
Axons of Supraoptic Nucleus (SON) & Paraventricular Nucleus (PVN) from hypothalamus
Pituicytes (glial cells)
Herring bodies (storage units of axon terminal)
Pituitary disorders
Adenoma
- gigantism, acromegaly
- cushings
Head trauma
- diabetes insipidus
What nerve runs w/ sup thyroid A.?
Inf thyroid A.?
Sup laryngeal N.
L. rec. laryngeal N.
Cells in thyroid
Follicular cells
Parafollicular (C cells) - calcitonin
Cells of parathyroid
Chief cells - make PTH
Oxyphil cells - degenerated chief cells
Parathyroid disorders
Hypoparathyroidism - Rare, after total thyroidectomy
Hyperparathyroidism
- Adenoma, CRF (X Vit D activation)
-> Hypercalcemia -> bone pain, renal stones
Disorders of Adrenal gland
Hypoadrenalism
- Adrenal cortex insufficiency
- Addison’s disease
(weakness, tiredness, low Na+, hypovolemia, low BP)
Hyperadrenalism
- Adrenal cortical tumours
(Cushing’s, Conn’s - excess aldosterone)
- Pheochromocytoma
Histo of pancreas
Islets of Langerhans
Alpha - Glucagon
Beta - Insulin
Delta - Somatostatin (- other islet cell hormones, - GH&TSH, - HCl secretion in stomach)
PP / F - Pancreatic polypeptide (For digestion)
