Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

PANCE Final Step Cards > endo > Flashcards

endo Flashcards

1
Q

ENDOCRINOLOGY

A

ENDOCRINOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What two hormones are secreted by the posterior pituitary?

A

Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is Sheehan’s syndrome?

A

Ischemia of the pituitary due to volume depletion during or after childbirth.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do glitazones work?

A

They improve insulin sensitivity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the most common pituitary adenoma?

A

Prolactinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Large doughy hands should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Gigantism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Diabetes insipidus is caused by a deficiency of which hormone?

A

Vasopressin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How much more potent is T3 than T4?

A

3-4x

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the first line medical treatment for a pheochromocytoma?

A

Alpha blocker. You should never use a pure beta blocker.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the best imaging for a thyroid nodule?

A

Ultrasound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A patient presents with erectile dysfunction and complains of some numbness in his feet. On second thought he has noticed significant polyuria and polydipsia. What diagnosis should you be thinking of?

A

Diabetic neuropathy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Pretibial myxedema should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Graves’ disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

A 35 year old female presents with heat intolerance, weight loss and palpitations. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A

Hyperthyroidism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the first line medical treatment for a patient who presents with palpitations and nervousness secondary to hyperthyroidism?

A

Beta Blockers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Hashimoto’s disease?

A

An autoimmune cause of hypothyroid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

How does levothyroxine work?

A

It is a synthetic T4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the most common thyroid cancer?

A

Papillary, makes up about 80% of thyroid cancers.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

In a patient with hyperthyroidism will TSH most likely be elevated or decreased?

A

Decreased

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

How do fibrates work to affect the lipid profile?

A

They inhibit synthesis of VLDL and elevate lipoprotein lipase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What medication might you use prior to thyroidectomy in a patient with hyperthyroidism?

A

Methimazole or propylthiouracil (PTU)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is included in Whipple’s triad of hypoglycemia?

A

History of previous hypoglycemia, serum glucose of <40, immediate recovery upon administration of glucose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Positive antithyroid peroxidase and antithyroglobulin antibodies should make you think of what diagnosis?

A

Hashimoto’s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the treatment for myxedema?

A

Levothyroxine and slow warming

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is the most common cause of hypoparathyroid?

A

Post thyroidectomy with the complication of parathyroidectomy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is Chvostek's sign?
Tap on facial nerve and get a twitch with low Ca.
26
Cortical adrenal insufficiency is also known as what disease?
Addison's disease
27
What is Trousseau's sign?
Inflate BP cuff and hold for 3 minutes. Patient with low Ca will get carpel tunnel symptoms.
28
What is the most common cause of hyperparathyroidism?
Single parathyroid adenoma in 80% of cases.
29
In Cushing’s disease is ACTH elevated or decreased?
Elevated
30
What is Graves' disease?
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism. It is an autoimmune disease.
31
What specific breathing pattern is associated with diabetic ketoacidosis?
Kussmaul respirations
32
What is the least aggressive thyroid cancer?
Papillary
33
Name two tests you might use to rule out Cushing's syndrome.
24 hour free cortisol urine test and dexamethasone suppression test
34
List two ectopic tumors that may produce ACTH and give a patient Cushing's syndrome?
Small cell lung cancer, pancreatic islet cells, thymomas
35
What is the treatment for Addison's disease?
Hydrocortisone or prednisone
36
What is the test to begin with if you suspect a pheochromocytoma?
24 hour urine for catecholamines
37
Exophthalmos should make you think of what diagnosis?
Hyperthyroidism
38
What percentage of diabetes in the US is type 2?
80-90%
39
HLA-DR gene is a marker for what endocrine disorder?
DM type 1
40
What is the main function of parathyroid hormone?
Increase serum Ca
41
List four diagnostic criteria for diabetes?
Random glucose >200, fasting glucose >126, two hour postprandial glucose >200, HgA1c >6.5%
42
Moans, groans, stones, bones, psychiatric overtones describe symptoms of what endocrine problem?
Hyperparathyroid
43
Stocking glove anesthesia should make you think of what diagnosis?
Diabetic neuropathy and B12 deficiency neuropathy
44
Fruity breath should make you think of what diagnosis?
Diabetic ketoacidosis
45
As it relates to diabetics, what is the dawn phenomenon?
Reduced insulin response between 5 and 8 am
46
What is the most common cause of hypopituitarism?
Tumor
47
How does metformin work?
Decreases the hepatic glucose production and increases peripheral glucose uptake
48
How do sulfonylureas work?
They stimulate the production of insulin.
49
What class of medications does pioglitazone (Actos) fall into?
Thiazolidinediones also known as glitazones
50
What is the suffix associated with sulfonylureas?
Ide is the suffix. Examples: glipizide, tolbutamide, tolazamide.
51
Typically what is the first medication started in type 2 DM?
Metformin
52
How often should a diabetic's HgbA1c be checked and what should it be?
Every three months (remember the life of an RBC is 90-120 days) and it should be below 6.5%
53
What are the 5 criteria for metabolic syndrome?
HDL <40 men <50 females, BP>135/85, Triglycerides >150, Fasting glucose>100, Waist >40 inches in men >35 inches in women
54
What class of medications is the first line for lowering LDL?
Statins
55
Which lipid medication may cause flushing?
Niacin
56
What life threatening side effect do statins have?
Rhabdomyolysis
57
Does niacin increase or decrease HDL?
Increase
58
What medication class does metformin (Glucophage) fall into?
Biguanide
59
List the 5 insulins in order of peak efficacy?
Lispro 1-2 hrs, Regular 2-4 hrs, NPH 5-7 hrs, Lente 4-8 hrs, Ultralente 8-14 hrs
60
Is metformin indicated or contraindicated in renal failure?
Contraindicated
61
What is the most common cause of DM type 1?
Autoimmune destruction of the islet cells in the pancreas
62
List 4 physical exam findings for Cushing's syndrome.
Moon face, buffalo hump, purple striae, central obesity, supraclavicular fat pads, easy bruising
63
Propranolol belongs to what class of medication?
Beta blockers
64
During pregnancy which is the prefered treatment of hyperthyroidism PTU or methimazole?
PTU
65
Name the four thyroid cancers.
Papillary Follicular Medullary Anaplastic
66
What heparin complication is relevant to endocrinology?
Adrenal infarct leading to a Cushing's syndrome
67
How does nicotinic acid work to affect the lipid profile?
It inhibits secretion of VLDL.
68
Hyperpigmentation of the skin along creases should make you think of what diagnosis ?
Addison's disease
69
Which thyroid cancer is the most aggressive?
Anaplastic
70
How do statins work to affect the lipid profile?
They slow the rate limiting step of cholesterol synthesis.
71
Will ACTH be elevated or decreased in Addison's disease?
Elevated if the problem is at the adrenal glands.
72
What role does C-peptide play in the diagnosis of diabetes?
It is a marker of insulin production. Elevated C-peptide points to DM 2. Decreased C-peptide points towards DM 1.

PANCE Final Step Cards (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions