ENDO Flashcards
ORGAN OF ENDO SYSTEM?
Thyroid releasing hormone (TRH) & Corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH)
Hypothalamus
ORGAN OF ENDO SYSTEM?
PTH
Parathyroid
**4 parathyroid glands located behind the thyroid
ORGAN OF ENDO SYSTEM?
TSH, FSH, LH, Oxytocin, ADH
Pituitary Gland
**located in brain, b/w eyeballs
ORGAN OF ENDO SYSTEM?
Glucocorticoids, Mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone), Sex hormones
Adrenal Cortex
ORGAN OF ENDO SYSTEM?
Insulin, Glucagon
Pancreas
ORGAN OF ENDO SYSTEM?
T3, T4, Calcitonin
Thyroid Gland
ORGAN OF ENDO SYSTEM?
Catecholamines (E & NE)
Adrenal Medulla
Thyroid hormones & TSH has a _________ (direct/inverse) relationship
Inverse
if T3 & 4 inc, TSH dec
PTH & Ca has a ______ (direct/inverse) relationship
Direct
PTH increases Ca
Calcitonin _____ (inc/dec) Ca
Decreases
**inhibits osteoclast activity = dec Ca release
Insulin _____ (inc/dec) glucose while glucagon _______ (inc/dec) glucose
Decreases
Increases
**glucagon causes glycogenolysis in liver
INSULIN STORAGE
- Keep away from _____ & direct ______
- NEVER ______ insulin
- Store in ________ until ready for use
- If using, keep in ______ temp
- heat & direct sunlight
- freeze
- refrigerator
- room
only insulin that is cloudy
NPH
only insulin given via IV
regular
Mneumonic for order drawing up NPH & Regular
“N-R-R-N”
N-R = injecting air in vial order
R-N = drawing up vial order
Never mix what type of insulin with others?
Glargine (long acting)
In Addison’s dse, s/sx are ________
LOW
fatigue, bronze skin, hypogly, wt. LOSS, DHN, hypotension
Addisonian Crisis S/SX:
Shock & Hypoglycemia
Na & K levels in Addisons Dse?
HYPOnatremia: d/t dec aldosterone (regulates H2O & Na retention)
HYPERkalemia: d/t dec cortisol (causes inc ADH & retains K)
Tx of Addisons:
- ______ administration
- Replace _________
- Isotonic IV fluid
- Steroids
Dse where there is an under-secretion of adrenal cortex
Addisons
Dse where there is an over-secretion of adrenal cortex
Cushings
Na & K levels in Cushings?
HYPERnatremia
HYPOkalemia
In cushings, every s/sx are _______
HIGH
Hyperglycemia, irritable, Fluid retention, immunosuppressed
Cushings Tx:
- Surgery?
- Avoid _____
- Adrenalectomy: monitor BP & electrolytes
- infection
Dse caused by a TUMOR on adrenal gland that causes OVERPRODUCTION of ALDOSTERONE
aka Primary aldosteronism
Conn’s dse
**tumor = too much
S/sx of Conn’s?
HYPER-Na & HTN
HYPO-K
Tx of Conns dse?
Tumor Removal
Can you palpate the abdomen of a pt with Pheochromocytoma?
NO!
Can stimulate catecholamine release
Dse caused by a TUMOR on adrenal gland that causes OVERPRODUCTION of CATECHOLAMINES
Pheochromocytoma
Tx of Pheochromocytoma?
(med & sx)
alpha & beta adrenergic blockers for HTN
Adrenalectomy
Dse where there is NOT ENOUGH ADH in the body
DI
Complications of DI?
Shock & FVD
S/Sx of DI?
Polyuria, polydipsia
in DI:
Urine is ____
Blood is _____
diluted (dec USG, URINE osmolarity)
concentrated (inc Na, SERUM osmolarity & Hct>40)
Nx for DI:
- Monitor ____ (what v/s)
- ______ Fluids (inc/dec)
- What drug to give
- Neuro status
- Inc fluids
- Vasopressin/desmopressin
Dse where there is an OVERPRODUCTION of ADH in the body
SIADH
in SIADH,
