CARDIAC D/O Flashcards
a chronic condition where ther is an inadequate venous return d/t pathologic ischemia
PVD
PVD MANIFESTATIONS:
- _____ discoloration
- ______ wound edges around ankle
- swelling & pedal pulse is ______ since arteries are unaffected (pulse = arteries)
- Brown
- uneven
present
PVD tx
elevate legs & wound care
clot in the vascular wall
DVT
Causes of DVT
- Venous _____ (immobility, age)
- Vein Wall _____
- _____coagulability (pregnancy, oral contraceptives, cancer)
- stasis
- injury/damage
- HYPERcoagulability
Tumor compresses SVC;
an ONCOLOGIC EMERGENCY!
Superior vena cava syndrome
Manifestations of SVC Syndrome:
- Facial ____ (redness d/t bld fluid in face)
- Distention of ______ veins (veins above the chest)
- Upper extremity ______
- Plethora
- thoracic
- edema
Inflammatory dse where plaque builds up;
MOST COMMON CAUSE od CAD & CVD
Atherosclerosis
Antihypertensive Meds (A,B,C,D)
ACE inh.
BB
CCB
Diuretics
A localized dilation of the vessel wall
Aneurysm
most common site of aneurysm
aorta
AAA is characterized by:
pain located in ______ that is described as ______
Abd, back pain
“gnawing/sharp pain”
Most common TYPE of aneurysm
AAA (abdominal Aortic aneurysm)
Thoracic Aortic Aneursm is characterized by:
pain located in ______
With ______ of breath & ______ with swallow
Back
shortness of breath; hoarseness/struggling with swallow
If a pulsating mass is found in an aneurysm
NEVER PALPATE –> RUPTURE (ER)
RISK FACTORS for Embolism:
- _________ d/t hypercoagulability & amniotic fluid embolism risk
- __________ Blood pools in the atria
3.__________ Fats is released from bone marrow after trauma
- Pregnancy
- A-fib
- Long bone fracture (femur/pelvis)
Air enters a vein/artery & is a COMPLICATION of a Sx
Air embolism
Position for Air embolism?
Durant’s Maneuver (LL Trendelenburg)
- traps embolism in R atria & aspirated by surgeon
HIGH RISK for Air embolism:
Placement of _____ or arterial _____
CVC/ Arterial Catheter
- if pt suddenly DESATURATES, expect this
PAD:
- Blood flow to _____ is affected
- ______ (color) with dependent rubor
- Hair____, cool & clammy
- Pedal pulses ______
- ______ in wounds
- Pain stops with ____ & occurs with _____
- Ttx?
- lower limbs
- Pallor
- HairLESS
- ABSENT/poor
- Eschar (dead tissue)
- Rest & Activity
- dAngle legs
PVD:
- Blood flow to _____ is affected
- ______ (color) discoloration
- Swelling
- Pedal pulses ______
- ______ wounds around ankle
- Pain stops with ____ & occurs with _____
- Ttx?
- back to the heart
- Brown
- swelling
- PRESENT
- UNEVEN
- actiVity; rest
- eleVate & proper wound care
Chest pain that goes away via rest & NTG
Chronic Stable Angina
Chest pain that DOES NOT goes away via rest & NTG
Unstabl ANgina
Sx for MI?
CATH LAB W/I 90 MIN FOR PCI!!
Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Condition wherein there is an IRREVERSIBLE damage to heart muscle d/t prolonged ischemia
MI
Tx for MI?
O-xygen
N-TG
A-spirin
M-orphine
Complication of Pericarditis?
CARDIAC TAMPONADE
ER! –> d/t fluid buildup
Cardiac Tamponande S/sx:
Beck’s triad + Pericardial pain + Pulsus ______ + _____ Pulse Pressure
(HYPOtenion, distended neck veins, and muffled heart sounds) +
Chest pain INCREASES upon INSPIRING +
Pulsus Paradoxus (LARGE dec in systolic bp & pulse upon INSPIRATION) +
NARROWED pulse pressure (<40)
- difference b/w sys & dias BP
B-jugular VD
E-xtreme HYPOtension
C- ant hear heart sounds
Tx for Pericarditis?
NSAIDS
fluid collection in the pericardial sac
Pericardial Effusion
Muffled <3 sounds
Tx for Pericardial Effusion?
Pericardiocentesis
Cardiac Tamponade tx
Pericardiocentesis & Sx
Dse of the myocardial tissue
Cardiomyopathy (dilated, restrictive, hypertrophic)
Cardiomyopathy Type
ventricle dilation WITH NO hypertrophy
dilated
Cardiomyopathy caused by bacteria, virus, fungi: causes necrosis of myocardial cells –> FLABBY (malambot) & dilated myocardium
Dilated Cardiomyopathy
Cardiomyopathy Type
rigid ventricular muscle walls with
Restrictive; Idiopathic
Cardiomyopathy Type
myocardium ASSYMETRICALLY increasing in size & mass along the VENTRICULAR SEPTUM (separates LV & RV)
Hypertrophic
Caused by rare autosomal gen in women & children (genetical)
Hypertrophic
Cardiomyopathy with idiopathic cause
Restrictive
Tx of Endocarditis?
Antibiotics
Heart Failure tx: DECREASE AFTERLOAD!
- “A & A” meds
- _______ Inc contractility
- _______ Reduce excess fluids
- Ace inh & ARBs
- Digoxin
- Diuretic
Teach pt with HF to report
Rapid wt GAIN: 3lbs/week OR 1-2lbs/day
