Endemic, disjunct & relict distribution

Question 1

neo-endemic

Answer 1

a species endemic to the area in which it evolve

Question 2

palaeo-endemic

Answer 2

a species with a restricted range today, but much more widespread in the past
- range subsequently restricted due to climatic cooling and drying (coastal redwood, California)

Question 3

disjunct distribution

Answer 3

- a geographic range split into 2 or more separate regions 
Amphi-regional disjuction
- widely separated geographic ranges
Amphi-oceanic disjunction
- opposite sides of an ocean

Question 4

dispersal disjunction

Answer 4

due to jump dispersal

Question 5

climatic disjunction

Answer 5

range reduction due to cooling and drying since cretaceous (Magnoliaceae)
- alligators, gorilla

Question 6

Geological disjunction

Answer 6

• break down of Gondwanaland
• can use processes that play palaeo-endemics, pate tectonics etc.
• Ostriches, Emus, Moa, Rheas

Question 7

Evolutionary disjunction

Answer 7

• 2 new species evolve in different parts of the geographic range of a common ancestor
• ancestral species then goes extinct, leaving disjunct distribution

Question 8

biological relicts

Answer 8

• taxa that once had larger distributions bu have since become narrow endemics
  2 types:
• climatic relicts
• evolutionary relicts

Question 9

climatic relicts

Answer 9

• range has been restricted die to recent climate change

Question 10

evolutionary relicts

Answer 10

• palaeo-endemics

- survivors of formerly more widespread and diverse evolutionary lineages