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end of year revision Flashcards

1
Q

what are the three states of matter

A

solid liquid and gas

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2
Q

describe the volume of the states of matter

A

solid and liquid have a definite volume. gases have no definite volume-they always fill the container they’re in

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3
Q

describe the shape of the states

A

solids have a definite shape. liquids match the shape of their container and gasses become the same shape as the container.

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4
Q

describe the density of the states

A

solids usually have a high density, liquids usually have medium density gasses have very low density.

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5
Q

describe the compressibility of the states.

A

solids and liquids are not easily squashed gasses are easily squashed.

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6
Q

describe the particles in a solid

A

they have the least energy and a regular arrangement. they are very close together.

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7
Q

describe the particles in a liquid

A

they have more energy, they move past each other freely. they are quite dense. they have some forces of attraction.

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8
Q

describe the particles in a gas

A

they have the most energy and weak attraction. there’s a low density.

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9
Q

what is the process called when a gas become a solid or vice versa

A

deposition sublimation

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10
Q

what is the process called for a solid going to a liquid and vice versa

A

melting. freezing.

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11
Q

what is the process called when a liquid becomes a gas or vice versa

A

boiling. condensing.

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12
Q

what is the direction of a heating curve.

A

top right to bottom left.

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13
Q

what is the direction of a cooling curve

A

bottom left to top right.

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14
Q

what do the straight lines mean in a heating of cooling graph.

A

there is a change in state

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15
Q

what is an atom

A

it is a tiny tiny particle made out of protons+ neutrons= and electrons-.

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16
Q

what is an element

A

it is a substance that contains only one type of atom ex: copper. all elements have different properties.

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17
Q

what is a compound

A

a substance which contains to or more elements chemically bonded together.

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18
Q

what is a mixture

A

a substance made of two or more elements not chemically bonded.

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19
Q

what is diffusion

A

it is when a gas spreads out across a place from an area of high concentration to a low one.

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20
Q

what is a substance called that dissolves in a liquid

A

soluble

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21
Q

describe solute solvent and solution

A

substance to be dissolved. The other is a solvent. The solvent is the one doing the dissolving. the solution is the solute dissolved in the solvent.

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22
Q

what is dissolving

A

Where a solid is taken into the liquid and is not visable yet its still there

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23
Q

Give an example of dissolving

A

Salt in water

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24
Q

what is a solubility curve

A

a graphic representation of the variation with changing temperature of the solubility of a given substance in a given solvent.

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25
what goes on the y axis on a solubility graph
it the solubility because temperature is on the x axis
26
what is filtration and what does it require
it is to filter something ex: water and salt it needs filter paper.
27
what could evaporation separate
it would separate a mixture of liquids of a solution ex: salt dissolved in water.
28
what does chromatography separate
Paper chromatography is used to separate mixtures of soluble substances.
29
what is distillation
it is the separation of two liquids by heating and then cooling. Bunsen burner, tripod, gauze heatproof mat, distillation flask condenser and a flask for the clean and separated water.
30
what is a tendon
it is a joint that joins muscles to your bone
31
what are antagonistic muscles
these are muscles that work in pairs.
32
what is a ligament
it is a tissue that connects bones to other bones.
33
what are the functions of mitochondria, cell wall, cell membrane, ribosomes, chloroplasts, cytoplasm, vacuole and nucleus
mitochondria=releases energy. cell wall=Supports and strengthens cell. cell membrane=Controls which substances can enter and exit ribosomes=makes protein chloroplasts=photosynthesis cytoplasm=where the majority of the chemical reactions take place vacuole=holds cell sap nucleus=controls cell activities and carry genetic information to pass to the next generation.
34
what is a unicellular organism
it is a living thing made up of only one cell
35
give an example of a cell
blood cell, egg cell, nerve cell. etc:
36
give an example of a tissue
ligament
37
give an example of an organ
heart, brain.
38
give an example of an organ system
reproductive system, circulatory system, respiratory.
39
what is respiration
it is releasing energy from glucose.
40
examples of specialized cell
root hair cell, nerve cell, sperm cell, egg cell, red blood cell, white blood cell.
41
give an example of an adaptation the nerve cell has
it is very long to carry signals far.
42
describe the female reproductive system
they have two ovary's and they are connected to an oviduct . at the lower end of the womb there is a cervix; its a ring of muscle that keeps the baby in place during pregnancy. The vagina is a tube that leads from the cervix to the outside of the body.
43
describe the male reproductive system
There are 2 testes contained in a bag of skin called the scrotum. when ejaculating the sperm pass through the sperm ducts and mix with fluids produced by the glands. The fluids provide the sperm cells with nutrients. The urethra is the tube inside the penis.
44
how does fertilization occur
it happens when a sperm cell manages to break it's way into a egg cell. if two sperm cell break in there are twins. if the egg splits while its been fertilized there are identical twins
45
what is a method of contraception
a condom or mini pill or family planning are all methods a condom is a barrier method a mini pill is through chemicals and family planning is timing the mensural cycle correct.
46
what happens one month after fertilization
the embryo is 6mm long and has a brain heart eyes ears and legs.
47
what happens 9 weeks after fertilisation
the body is now 25mm long and is fully formed it is now called a foetus
48
what happens 3 months after fertilisation
the foetus is 54mm long and looks much more like a baby
49
what happens 5 months after fertilisation
it is now 160mm it kicks and fingernails can be felt
50
what happens 7 months after fertilisation
the foetus is 370mm long and has a fair chance of living if it were born at this stage
51
what happens 39 weeks after fertilisation (8-9 months)
the baby is fully developed and ready to be born
52
what are Factors affecting the development of the foetus
smoking drinking alcohol taking drugs
53
what are the 3 steps for plant reproduction
Step one: After pollen has landed on the stigma, it grows a pollen tube down through the style to the ovary. Step two: The nucleus of the pollen grain travels down the pollen tube and fertilises the nucleus in the ovule. Step three: The fertilised ovule develops into a seed.
54
name 3 methods of seed dispersal
helicopter wind or rocket and water
55
what is energy
potential to perform work
56
what are the 7 stores of energy
kinetic magnetic thermal gravitational chemical elastic and electrostatic
57
how is energy made
(this is a trick question) | it can't be created or destroyed only transferred
58
what is heat
total kinetic energy of a substance,
59
what is temperature
it is the average kinetic energy of the particles in an object.
60
what is thermal expansion
it is when a substance has been heated and has expanded because of it an example of this would be a thermometer the hotter it is the more the liquid rises
61
what is mass
it is the amount of matter in an object
62
what is density
it is how tightly packed matter is in. how much mass there is in a given area. a solid is more dense than a liquid.
63
what is conduction
when an object is heated the particles in it will bounce around more the hot particles will collide with the cold particles and they will share the heat until all particles have been heated
64
how does radiation heat transfer work
imagen a hot potato sitting next to a cool potato the hot potato would get cooler as it radiates more than it absorbs. for the cool potato it absorbs more than it radiates so it will get hotter.
65
how does heat transfer through convection
when heated. The lower layers of the fluid, which are hotter, become less dense. the less dense, hotter part of the fluid rises up. And the colder, denser fluid replaces it. This when this part also gets heated and rises up to be replaced by the colder upper layer.
66
what is the calculation for time
distance/speed
67
what do you measure time in
minuets, or seconds
68
what is the calculation for distance
speed x time
69
how do you measure distance
usually in meters but in some cases km of cm
70
what is the equation for speed
distance/time
71
what is speed usually measured in
m/s
72
what is relative motion
relative motion is the speed of an object in the rest frame of another object or observer
73
what is the calculation for relative motion when someone is moving in the same direction
faster object minus the slower
74
what is the calculation for relative motion when there moving in different directions
you add the speeds together
75
what is the formula triangle for acceleration
final speed- initial speed //////////////////////////////////// accelerationx time
76
what does a distance time graph show when its a straight line
its stationary
77
what does a distance time graph show when its a diagonal line
constant speed
78
what does a distance time graph show when its a curved line going downwards to upwards
acceleration
79
what does a distance time graph show when its a curved line going upwards to straight
deceleration
80
what does a distance time graph show when its a curved line going diagonally top left to bottom right (straight)
constant speed towards home
81
What is the ease of flow of the states of matter
Solids dont flow. Liquids and gases flow easily

science (4 decks)

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