End Of Year Exam Flashcards
What colour does the green part of a variegated leaf turn when there is iodine put on it
Blue / black
What colour does the white part of a variegated leaf turn when there is iodine put on it
Remains orange
Where would there be starch in a variegated leaf
In the green parts but not the White
What is the limiting factor
A factor that can prevent the rate of a reaction increasing further
What are the limiting factors of photosynthesis
Light intensity oxygen and temperature
What gas is produced by photosynthesis
Oxygen
What is the word equation for photosynethsis
Carbon dioxide + water arrow oxygen + glucose
Light above the arrow
Chlorophyll below
If you place the lamp closer to the pond weed the rate of photosynthesis will….
Rise
True or false… the closer the the lamp the more oxygen bubbles are produced
True
True or false by placing the lamp further away there is less oxygen bubbles and a lower rate of photosynthesis
False
What is the piece you look through called on a microscope
Eyepiece lens
What is the long piece between the eyepiece lens and the objective lens called
The body tube
What part of the microscope do you clip your slide onto
Stage
What is the name of the two knobs
Rough focusing knob and the fine focusing knob
What is another name for a living thing
An organism
All organisms are made up of what
Cells
What do both animals and plants cells have
A nucleus, cytoplasm, a cell membrane and mitochondria
What do just plant cells have
A cell wall, a vacuole and chloroplasts
What is the job of the nucleus
It controls what the cell does
What is the job of the cytoplasm
It is a jelly-like stuff where most chemical reactions occur
What is the job of a cell membrane
This is a thin skin around the cell it holds the cell together and also controls what goes in and out
What is the job of the mitochondria
Thea are tiny structures inside the cell where most of the reactions take place
What is the job of the cell wall
It is a rigid outer coating made of cellulose it also gives support to the cell
What is the job of a vacuole
This is filled with cell as a solution of sugar and salts
What is the job of chloroplasts
These contain chlorophyll used for photosynthesis
True or false respiration happens in every cell of ever organism
True
What are the male sex cells
Sperms
Where and when are sperms made
Sperms are made in the testes after puberty
Sperms mix with what to make semen
A liquid
What is a female sex cell called
An egg
One of the two ovaries release an egg every…
28 days
The egg passes into one of the..
Fallopian tubes
What are the four main stages of the menstrual cycle and when does it take place
Bleeding starts on day 1
The lining of the uterus builds up again on day 4
An egg is released from the ovaries of the female on day 14 though this may vary for some women
The wall remains thick awaiting the Arrival of a fertilised egg on day 28
How many sperms are released from the penis
Millions
What is it called when the speed enter the vagina
Sexual intercourse
How big it the embryo at 1 month and what body parts does it have
The embryo is 6mm long and has a brain, heart,eyes,ears and legs
What is the embryo called at 9 weeks and how long is it
The embryo is now called a Foetus and it is completely formed and it is 25mm long
How long is the foetus at 3 months
The foetus is 54mm long and looks much more like a baby
What is happening at 5 months and how long is the foetus
The baby is now 160mm long and it kicks and its finger nails can be felt
At 7 month how long is the foetus and if it was born now would it be able to survive
The foetus is 370mm long and it has a fair chance of surviving if it was born now
At 39 weeks how long is the baby and it it fully developed
At 39 weeks the baby is 570mm long and it is fully developed and ready to be born
What does Mrs Gren stand for
Movement reproduction sensitivity growth respiration excrution nutrition
What does Mrs Gren tell us
Whether something is alive or dead
What is the lever below the stage called on a microscope
Diaphragm lever
What is it called when you cut something in half diagonal
Transverse section
What is it called when you cut something in half vertically
Longitudinal section
What is the function of the neurone cell ( nerve cell)
Transmitting electrical pulses
What is the function of the palisade cell
The main site of photosynthesis in a leaf
What is the job of the red blood cells
Pumping blood around the body
What is the job of the ciliates epithelial cell
To waft mucus in the trachea
What is the job of the ovum
To contain large food store for developing embryo
What is the job of the sperm
Tail which allows cell to swim to ovum
What is the job of the guard cell
It can swell up in water and open the stomata and shrink to close stomata
What is the job of the root hair cell
They take water and mineral ions into the plant from the soil
What is the job of the White blood cells
To destroy bacteria and viruses
What is the cardiact muscule around
The heart to keep it beating
In a equation what should the equals sign be
A arrow
Where is the smooth muscle and what is its job
Found near the stomach helps digest food and keep blood vessels moving
What is the skeletal muscle
The muscle around the leg helps us moving
What is it meant by muscles being in an antagonistic pair
It is when one part of a muscle contracts the other relaxes
Can all living things reproduce
Yes
How many types of reproduction are there and what are there names
2 types called asexual and sexual
How many parents does each types of reproduction involve
Asexual involves 1 and sexual involves 2
What is puberty
Puberty is the period during which adolescents reach sexual reproduction and become capable of reproduction
What is adolescence
Physical and emotional change
What is the difference between starch and glycogen
Starch is found in plants and glycogen is found in animals
Where is starch found
In the leukoplast
What is a specialised cell
It is a type of cell that performs a specific function in multicellular organisms
How does the shape of the animal skin cell help it
It has a flare plate like shape which suits their function of covering and protecting the surface of the body
What is it meant by muscles being in an antagonistic pair
When one part of the pair contracts the other relaxes
What is cartilage
It is an oil to lubricate the joints
What attaches muscle to bone
Tendons
What attaches bone to bone in the skeleton
Ligament
What are the 4 functions of a skeleton
Protection shape support and movement
What are the three main types of joints
Ball and socket hinge and immovable
What is the rhyme for remembering classification
Kings prefer Cotton over fancy green silks
What does the rhyme stand for in classification
Kingdom phyla class order family genus species
True or false the genus is alway a capitol letter and the species is always lower case
True
What is DNA
The carrier of genetic information
What are chromosomes made of
Lots of genes
What part of the plant cell contains cellulose
The cell wall
What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction
Sexual has two parents and asexual has one
What is puberty
It is the period during which adolescents reach sexual maturity and are capable of reproduction
What are the female gametes called
Ova or egg cells
What is the thickened lining to the uterus called
Endometrium
What changes happen to girls
Eggs are released breasts develop and hips widen
What changes happen to boys
Penis enlarged voice deepens and facial hair grows
What changes happen to both
May get spots hormones made growth spurts and pubic hair grows
How long does the menstrual cycle last
around 28 days
If the ovum is ………. It sticks to the lining to grow into a baby
Fertilised
What does FSH stand for
Follicle stimulating hormone
Where is the follicle stimulating hormone secreted
It is secreted by the pituitary gland
What does FSH cause
A follicle to mature in an ovary
What is oestrogen secreted by
The ovaries
What may oestrogen cause if there is a certain level of it
It may cause a LH surge
What is LH stand for
Luteinising hormone
What is LH produced
It is produced by the pituitary gland
What does LH cause
Ovulation
Where is progesterone secreted
It is secreted by the ovaries
What does progesterone maintain
The endometrium and this stays high during pregnancy
Uterus is the biological word for what
Womb
Why does the uterine wall become thick and spongy before the egg is released
In case the egg is fertilised and implanted in the endometrium
What happens in the uterus if the egg is not fertilised
The endometrium is shed and the ovum leaves with it
Which hormone causes the lining of the uterus to thicken
Oestrogen
Which hormone helps maintain the lining of the uterus
Progesterone
Which hormone stimulates cell release
FSH
What hormone controls the production of the male gametes
LSH
What does the vas deferens do
It takes mature sperm to the urethra
What does the prostate gland secret
The fluid that nourishes and protects sperm
Where are the testes held and why
They are held outside the body in the scrotum because sperm production works best at a temperature slightly below body temperature
What happens to the testes when it is cold
The testes are pulled close to the body whereas if it is warm they hang low
What is ejaculation
The ejection of sperm through the penis
What is fertilisation
What the egg and the sperm nuclei fuse
What is implantation
When the embryo sinks into the uterus lining
What is ovulation
The release of an egg from the ovaries
Where does fertilisation take place
In the Fallopian tubes
The development period of the embryo is called the
Gestation period
How long does the gestation period last
37 to 40 weeks
Doe the umbilical vein carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood to or from the baby
Oxygenated blood to the baby
Doe the umbilical arteries carry oxygenated or deoxygenated blood to or from the baby
Deoxygenated blood from the baby back to the placenta
What is another name for the placenta also known as
The afterbirth
In what part of the reproductive system are ciliated cell found
On the Fallopian tubes
Do the plants wat the soil
No they make there own energy using the sun
What is the food make by photosynthesis
Sugar glucose
Where does photosynthesis take place
In the chloroplasts which contains the green pigment chlorophyll
Where is glucose stored
In starch grains
Is CO2 necessary for photosynthesis to take place
Yes
Is chlorophyll necessary for photosynthesis to take place
Yes
Is light necessary for photosynthesis to take place
Yes
How does broad flat leaves help photosynthesis
Larger surface area for absorbing light
How do the wax cuticle help photosynethis
Protects leaf without stopping light
How do chloroplasts help photosynethis
Contains chlorophyll to absorb energy and transfer to chemical
How does the stomata help photosynthesis
Allows carbon dioxide to diffuse into leaf
How do the air spaces help photosynthesis
Increase space for gas diffusion into cells
What is synthesis
Glucose combines with minerals to make compounds
How do plants use glucose
Synthesis storage respiration and cellulose
How is glucose used in storage
It is turned into starch if not needed
How is glucose used with respiration
It is used by all living things cells to release energy from glucose
How is glucose used with cellulose
Hundreds of glucose join to make cellulose
What is the wax cuticle
It helps prevent loss of water from evaporation
What is the upper epidermis cell
These cells make produce the waxy cuticle and protect the leaf
What are the air spaces
They allow the movement of gases
What is the stomata
These are tiny holes in the lower epidermis
