End of Unit Questions Flashcards
Suggest which humans could be describe me as natural clones?
Identical twins
Plant clones are genetically identical, why do some look different?
Appearance changed due to environmental factors
What is meant by host animal?
One which a transplanted embryo develops
What is done to the fused cell to start off the process of cell decision in adult cell cloning?
An electric shock is applied to the cell
Why are you similar to your parents but not identical to either of them?
Offspring inherit genes from both parents. Different combinations of genes lead to the appearance of different physical characteristics
In what way are embryo transplants similar to what happens when identical twins form?
A single embryo is formed and then splits into two, in embryo transplants the split into several groups of cells
How are calf embryos cloned?
After sexual reproduction, a single embryo is produced. Before to cells specialise, the embryo is split into several groups of cells. Each group is transplanted into the host mother. The calves are born genetically identical
Why is embryo cloning sometimes used by cattle breeders rather than letting the cattle breed naturally?
Embryo cloning top class animals is quicker and cheaper. Cattle have only one or two young per year. If prize animals are bred together the farmer can get large numbers of the prize calves by cloning the single embryo. Embryos can also be flown around the world to benefit other farmers
Outline the process of genetic engineering
A gene is cut from a chromosome of one organism using enzymes. The gene is then transferred to the chromosome of another organism. The gene then controls the development of a characteristic in the second organism
Give two advantages of genetic engineering
- compounds such as insulin can be produced in large quantities
- antibodies can be produced to treat disease
- genetic disorders can be treated
- herbicide and insect resistant crops can be produced
- foods can last longer
How are crops genetically modified?
A gene is transferred from another organism into the chromosome of the crop plant
How is genetic information passed from parents to offspring?
The nucleus of gamete cells containing the genetic information which is passed from parents to offspring
