End of unit 4 Flashcards
Self
in modern psychology, assumed to be the center of personality, the organizer of our thoughts,
feelings, and actions.
Spotlight Effect
overestimating others’ noticing and evaluating our appearance, performance, and blunders (as if
we presume a spotlight shines on us).
Self Esteem
our feelings of high or low self-worth.
Self Efficacy
Our sense of competence and effectiveness
Dunning-Kruger Effect
Ignorance of one’s own incompetence (Scoring at bottom half, but thinking you scored in highest)
Self-serving Bias
A readiness to perceive ourselves favorably
Narcissism
Excessive self love and self absorption
Defensive Self Esteem
a fragile sense of self-worth that is easily threatened, leading individuals to react defensively when their self-image is challenged, often through behaviors like blaming others or engaging in self-serving biases.
Secure Self Esteem
a stable and positive sense of self-worth, characterized by confidence in one’s abilities and acceptance of oneself, both strengths and weaknesses, without needing constant external validation.
Individualism
a cultural pattern that emphasizes people’s own goals over group goals and defines identity
mainly in terms of unique personal attributes.
Collectivism
a cultural pattern that prioritizes the goals of important groups (often one’s extended family or
work group).
Motivation
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
Instinct Theory
Focuses on genetically predisposed behaviors in relation to motivation.
Instinct
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned.
Physiological Need
A basic bodily requirement
Drive-Reduction Theory
The idea is that a physiological need creates an aroused state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need.
Homeostasis
a tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body
chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level.
