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History - COLD WAR > End of The Cold War > Flashcards

End of The Cold War Flashcards

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1
Q

Economic - in the 1950s what did most Eastern European countries focus on?

A

Heavy industries rather than consumer goods

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2
Q

Economic - What did the increase in oil prices during the 1970s make it difficult to do?

A

To get credit for foreign exchange & investment

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3
Q

Economic - what was the technological gap between the USA and USSR?

A

SU - 8800 computers

USA - 6 million

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4
Q

Economic - in the 1980s how much of SU GNP was spent on military?

A

25%

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5
Q

Economics - what was the comparison between the USA and the Warsaw Pact?

A

USA economy was bigger than the economies of the Warsaw Pact

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6
Q

Economic - what did SU leaders continue to do?

A

Use Cold War policies despite economic issues

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7
Q

Economic - how did Reagan’s overspend strategy effect soviet behaviour 1981-1985?

A

It didn’t!

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8
Q

RP - how was Reagan towards the USSR?

A

Strident attitude towards USSR (uncompromising anti communist)

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9
Q

RP - what did Reagan call the Soviet Union in 1983?

A

The evil empire?

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10
Q

RP - why was reagan’s military policy the largest peacetime military build up?

A

In 1985 - 30% of the federal budget was spent on military

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11
Q

RP - what did Reagan develop?

A

The stealth bomber & trident missile

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12
Q

RP - what did Reagan’s doctrine affirm?

A

U.S. Willingness to assist anti communist groups > Afghanistan & the Mujahideen

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13
Q

RP - how much aid did Reagan provide the Mujahideen with?

A

$687 million of aid = largest covert action

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14
Q

RP- what other countries did Reagan support in the fight against communism?

A

Nicaragua - military aid given to the CONTRA group to remove their left wing gov.
Grenada - 1983 US Troops helped

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15
Q

RP - what happened in 1984 which undermined the balance of terror?

A

The development of SDI - Strategic Defensive Initiative

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16
Q

RP - what did the U.S. deploy to counter the SU SS20s?

A

IRMS (intermediate range missiles) in Western Europe

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17
Q

RP - what did Reagan restrict to safeguard US advantage?

A

Trade & access to technology oil & gas

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18
Q

GP - what was Gorbachev’s political stance known as

A

New political thinking

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19
Q

GP - how was Gorbachev different from other leaders?

A

He was well travelled young & had a new outlook

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20
Q

GP - what did Gorbachev’s policy of Perestroika mean?

A

Reduction of military spending to revive the soviet economy

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21
Q

GP - what did Gorbachev’s policy of Glasnost mean?

A

Policy of openness that encouraged the people to our forward new ideas & initiatives

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22
Q

GP - what did Gorbachev’s policy of democratisation mean?

A

An attempt to get more people involved in the communist party & political debate

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23
Q

GP- what did Gorbachev have no desire to do?

A

He had no desire to end communism but respected the SOVEREIGNTY of the countries in the Eastern Bloc

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24
Q

GP- what type of relations did Gorbachev want to pursue?

A

Super power relations based on cooperation rather than confrontation

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25
Q

Moral Bankruptcy - what did Marxism Leninism justify?

A

Communist rule over the Eastern Bloc

  1. It represented the working class
  2. Dictatorship of the proletariat was necessary to protect the working class & build a society superior to capitalism
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26
Q

Moral Bankruptcy - what did the Brezhnev period (1964-1982) show?

A

Communist party failed to represent the working class & create a society better than the West

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27
Q

Moral Bankruptcy - what was the problem with many communist parties?

A

They were extremely corrupt members ruled to preserve their privileges rather than the working class

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28
Q

Moral Bankruptcy - how much did the average soviet worker earn compared to a communist party member?

A

Avg. Soviet worker = 165 roubles a month

Communist PM - 900 roubles a month

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29
Q

Moral Bankruptcy - what did the dictatorship of the proletariat create?

A

A society which was inferior to the west economically poorer & politically restrictive

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30
Q

Gorbachev Reagan Thaw - what happened to Reagan’s attitude during his second term?

A

1985-1989 his attitude changed DRAMATICALLY!!

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31
Q

GRT - what was Reagan prepared to do?

A

Negotiate with Gorbachev.

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32
Q

GRT- when was the Geneva Summit?

A

1985

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33
Q

GRT- what was discussed at the Geneva Summit?

A

Arms control

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34
Q

GRT- what did Gorbachev want?

A

The SDI to end as the SU did not have the finance or technology to compete with the USA - Reagan refused to abandon plans!!

35
Q

GRT - what did the Geneva Summit 1985 establish?

A

Established dialogue & they agreed to meet again to discuss reducing arms

36
Q

GRT - when was the Reykjavik summit?

A

October 1986

37
Q

GRT - what did Gorbachev propose at the Reykjavik summit?

A

Elimination of all nukes - there was still disagreement over SDI as Reagan saw it as essential for US security

38
Q

GRT - how did the Reykjavik summit end?

A

No agreement but focus on arms reduction = better than SALT Treatiea

39
Q

GRT - when was the INF treaty?

A

December 1987

40
Q

GRT - what happened at the INF treaty?

A

G&R meet for the 3rd time all IRMS were removed from Europe as G was told it would be impossible to create a missile shield

41
Q

GRT - when was the Moscow Summit?

A

May 1988

42
Q

GRT - what happened at the Moscow Summit?

A

No significant progress on nuclear issues but there were agreements on trade & technology

43
Q

Popular Pressure in EE - when was the polish crisis?

A

1980-1981

44
Q

PPEE- why was there a polish crisis?

A

Polish economy was in decline & consumer goods prices were raised

45
Q

PPEE- what free trade union emerged?

A

Solidarity

46
Q

PPEE- what did Pope John Paul stir up?

A

A Roman Catholic majority

47
Q

PPEE- what did Jaruzelski believe?

A

Under the Brezhnev doctrine he could rely in the SU so he led a hard line mil start governor which imposed Martial Law to surpass strikes

48
Q

PPEE- what was the Sinatra doctrine,

A

1980s policies changed

49
Q

PPEE - what did Gorbachev do in 1988?

A

Publicly denounced Brezhnev doctrine & put in an alternative whereby he was willing to accept change in EE

50
Q

PPEE- when was the Polish Revolution?

A

1989

51
Q

PPEE- what spurred the polish revolution?

A

1980s economy was failed to revive. Soviet authorised changes which led to inflation creating opposition to communism

52
Q

PPEE- what did Jaruzelski do?

A

Abandoned his approach & agrees to multi party elections which led to the creation of government led by LECH WALESA (1990)

53
Q

OI - why was Thatcher important?

A

Uncompromising anti communist who supported Reagan’s policies

54
Q

OI - what did Thatcher allow Reagan to do?

A

Station nuclear weapons in Britain refusing to criticise him about a limited nuclear war in Europe

55
Q

OI - how did thatcher help Reagan with the united front?

A

Help pirate an assertive foreign policy

56
Q

OI - what did Thatcher do to prevent tensions

A

She remained reserved & have a speech in Kiev in regards to reservations about a united Germany

57
Q

OI - what did Pope John Paul II play a key role in?

A

Supporting resistance towards communism in Poland

58
Q

OI - who was Pope John Paul II & what authority did he have?

A

Head of the Catholic Church & polish national = huge moral authority

59
Q

OI - what sort of statements did the Pope make?

A

In favour of human rights = implicit challenge to communism

60
Q

OI- what was the Pope’s key religious message that supported the end of communism

A

God’s spirit would come down & renew the face of the land

61
Q

OI - who did the Pope support?

A

Solidarity & during the strikes they used religious imagery

62
Q

OI - who did the Pope invite to the Vatican in 1981?

A

Lech WALESA

63
Q

OI - when did the pope visit Poland & how was he received?

A

More popular than communist leaders

1979 1983 1987

64
Q

END OF SU - what did Gorbachev begin to actively encourage?

A

Democratisation in the Satellite states 1989

65
Q

ESU - what happened as a result of democratisation?

A

Reform in Poland

Pressure for reform in Czechoslovakia & Hungary

66
Q

ESU- what did the Hungarian government agree to?

A

Multi party elections in 1989

67
Q

ESU - what did the Hungarian multi party elections lead to?

A

April 1990 - democratic government elected

68
Q

ESU - what happened in Czechoslovakia?

A

The Velvet Revolution led by Havel which ended communism

69
Q

ESU - when was the fall of the Berlin Wall?

A

November 1989

70
Q

ESU- why did the Berlin Wall fall?

A

Build up of people pressure thousands fled East Germany through Czechoslovakia to get to the West

71
Q

ESU - what did German reunification mean for the SU?

A

The loss of influence over the East - potential threat to SU as Germany may want to expand again

72
Q

ESU - what did Bush do to ease SU fears?

A

He made sure that Germany would not expand causing any threat as if it was part of NATO it would not be allowed

73
Q

ESU - when was Germany reunified?

A

OCT 1990

74
Q

ESU - how did the SU finally collapse?

A

Compromised 15 republics as pressure grew for independence

75
Q

ESU- what did Gorbachev propose?

A

A federation

76
Q

ESU - why was the federation not successful?

A

Disintegration of the East - Gorbachev had very little authority to create a federation

77
Q

ESU - when did the Soviet Union end?

A

1991

78
Q

Economic - what were the problems with state controlled industries?

A

In Eastern Europe they were inefficient both in quality& quality of goods

79
Q

Who was leader of East Germany?

A

Honecker

80
Q

What is the term given to the death of lots of leaders?

A

Gerontocracy

81
Q

Why did the SU shoot down the Koran KAL 007 in 1983?

A

They assumed it was a spy plane

82
Q

How many passengers died because of the 007 shooting?

A

269 passengers

83
Q

What did the youth scream on Gorbachev’s visit to East Germany in 1989?

A

Save us Gorby save us!

84
Q

What did Honecker’s allies do in 1987?

A

They deserted him throughout the uprising

History - COLD WAR (7 decks)

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