End of the Book 2

Question 1

Deforestation

Answer 1

the cutting or burning down of all the trees in an area - جنگل زدایی

• the deforestation of the tropics

Question 2

Desperate

Answer 2

willing to do anything to change a very bad situation, and not caring about danger

• I had no money left and was desperate.
• the missing teenager’s desperate parents

Question 3

Logger

Answer 3

someone whose job is to cut down trees SYN lumberjack - چوب بر

Question 4

Pristine

Answer 4

extremely fresh or clean - تر و تازه

• a pristine white shirt

Question 5

Swath

Answer 5

a long thin area of something, especially land - راه باریک - جاده

• A swathe of sunlight lay across the floor.

Question 6

The Tropics

Answer 6

the hottest part of the world, which is around the Equator (استوا)

• plant species found in the tropics

Question 7

Chunky

Answer 7

chunky food has large pieces in it - چاک دار

• chunky peanut butter

Question 8

Export

Answer 8

the business of selling and sending goods to other countries OPP import - صادرات

• bales of cloth for export to the continent

Question 9

Colonize

Answer 9

to establish political control over an area or over another country, and send your citizens there to settle - استعمار - مهاجرت

Question 10

Resettle

Answer 10

to start using an area again as a place to live - اسکان مجدد

• The area was resettled in the latter half of the century.

Question 11

Scheme

Answer 11

a clever plan, especially to do something that is bad or illegal – used in order to show disapproval - طرح

• a get-rich-quick scheme

Question 12

Subsistence

Answer 12

the condition of only just having enough money or food to stay alive - امرار معاش

• Many of the families are forced to live at the subsistence level.
• The land provided subsistence and little more.

Question 13

Rural

Answer 13

happening in or relating to the countryside, not the city OPP urban - روستایی

• a rural setting
• rural bus routes

Question 14

Boom

Answer 14

if business, trade, or a particular area is booming, it is increasing and being very successful - پر رونق

• Business was booming, and money wasn’t a problem.
• Tourism on the island has boomed.

Question 15

Leather

Answer 15

animal skin that has been treated to preserve it, and is used for making shoes, bags etc - چرم

• The inside of the bag was lined with soft leather.
• elegant leather boots

Question 16

Striking

Answer 16

unusual or interesting enough to be easily noticed - قابل توجه - برجسته

• a striking contrast between wealth (ثروت) and poverty (فقر)

Question 17

Sustainable

Answer 17

able to continue without causing damage to the environment - پایدار

• The government should do more to promote sustainable agriculture.
• the sustainable use of rain forest resources

Question 18

Productivity

Answer 18

the rate at which goods are produced, and the amount produced, especially in relation to the work, time, and money needed to produce them - بهره وری

• ways of increasing productivity
• high productivity levels in manufacturing

Question 19

Degrade

Answer 19

to make a situation or the condition of something worse - بدتر کردن شرایط

• The dolphin’s habitat is being rapidly degraded.

Question 20

Illegal

Answer 20

not allowed by the law SYN unlawful OPP legal - غیرقانونی

• illegal drugs
• They were involved in illegal activities.

Question 21

Deckchair

Answer 21

a folding chair with a long seat made of cloth, used especially on the beach - صندلی لب ساحل

Question 22

Palm

Answer 22

a tropical tree which grows near beaches or in deserts, with a long straight trunk and large pointed leaves at the top - درخت نخل

• coconut palms

Question 23

Halt

Answer 23

a stop or pause

• Heavy snowfalls brought traffic to a halt (=made it stop moving).
• The World Championship was brought to a temporary halt (=was stopped from continuing).

Question 24

Situation - Circumstance

Answer 24

وضعیت - موقعیت

Question 25

Situation

Answer 25

a combination of all the things that are happening and all the conditions that exist at a particular time in a particular place

• I explained the situation to everyone.

Question 26

Circumstance

Answer 26

the conditions that affect a situation, action, event etc

• I can’t imagine a circumstance in which I would be willing to steal.

Question 27

Driving Force

Answer 27

someone or something that strongly influences people and makes them do something - نیروی پیشران

• Hawks was the driving force behind the project.

Question 28

Regardless

Answer 28

without being affected or influenced by something - بدون در نظر گرفتن

• The law requires equal treatment for all, regardless of race, religion, or sex.

Question 29

Decay

Answer 29

to be slowly destroyed by a natural chemical process, or to make something do this - فاسد شدن

• Her body was already starting to decay.

** In everyday English, people usually say rot rather than decay when talking about food:

• There was a smell of rotting vegetables.

Question 30

Degredation

Answer 30

the process by which something changes to a worse condition - بدتر شدن

Question 31

Horizon

Answer 31

the line far away where the land or sea seems to meet the sky - افق

• We could see a ship on the horizon.

** Do not say ‘in the horizon’. Say on the horizon.

Question 32

Readily

Answer 32

quickly and easily

• Boats are readily available to visitors.
• The information is readily accessible on the Internet.

Question 33

Exacerbate

Answer 33

to make a bad situation worse - بدتر کردن وضعیت

• I don’t want to exacerbate the situation.