End of Cold War (1970-1991)

Question 1

SALT 1 (Strategic arms Limitation Treaty) 1972

Answer 1

No further production of ballistic missiles
No increase in the number of (ICBMs)

Question 2

How effective was SALT 1

Answer 2

Slowed down the arms race Between the USSR and the USA
Led to a series of further negotiations

Question 3

Importance of the 1975 Helsinki conference

Answer 3

Helped the USA and the USSR form an alliance
Highest point of Détente (Peace)

Question 4

Limits to the 1975 Helsinki conference

Answer 4

Soviet union continued to focus on Eastern-Bloc countries

Question 5

SALT 2- Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty 2 (1979)

Answer 5

Under negotiations since 1972
Leonid Brezhnev and Jimmy Carter signed the agreements
Each superpower was allowed 2500 warheads

Question 6

Why Salt 2 Failed?

Answer 6

Some West German Politicians opposed the treaty
Some US politicians thought it made too many concessions

Question 7

Reagan and the Evil Empire’

Answer 7

He described the Soviet Union as an ‘Evil Empire’
Kick started the arms race again
USA spent more money on Nuclear technology

Question 8

Crisis in the Soviet Union

Answer 8

Its economy was in ruins
Low Living Standards
Wasting money in Afghanistan

Question 9

Reagan’s change of heart

Answer 9

Public was against another arms race
Gorbachev was popular across Europe
Reagan was Fond with Gorbachev

Question 10

Reykjavik, October 1986

Answer 10

Reagan and Gorbachev said they would cut down on nuclear weapons
Gorbachev wanted to end the Strategic Defensive Initiative (SDI)

Question 11

INF, treaty December 1987

Answer 11

Diplomats continued the Discussion
INF treaty got rid of 500-5500km nuclear missiles
INF treaty largely applied in Europe

Question 12

Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan

Answer 12

The Soviet Invasion saw Afghanistan as its sphere of influence
Brezhnev ordered Soviet troops to invade Afghanistan
Mujahedeen resisted the Soviet troops

Question 13

The Carter Doctrine, January 1980

Answer 13

USA placed Economic Sanctions on the USSR
USA, Pakistan, and Saudi Arabia provided assistance to the Mujahadeen

Question 14

The Olympic Boycotts

Answer 14

USA boycotted 1980 Olympics in Moscow
In retaliation the USSR boycotted the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles

Question 15

‘Second Cold war’ (USSR)

Answer 15

Poor living standards

Had an ageing leadership

Had ageing technology in a country 20% of the US economy

Was struggling with the Anti-communist protest

Question 16

US-Soviet Relations deteriorate

Answer 16

Election of Ronald Reagan (Anti-Communist)

The breakdown of SALT-2

Olympic Boycotts (1980- 1984)

Question 17

Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI)

Answer 17

Nicknamed as ‘Star Wars’

SDI was a plan to have satellites in space which would destroy the USSRs intercontinental missiles

Question 18

Gorbachev Scrapped the Brezhnev doctrine because

Answer 18

Better opportunities for Eastern-bloc countries

USSR had to improve trade relations

Reform would cause Unrest (East Germany, Poland)

Question 19

End of Brezhnev Doctrine (Timeline)

Answer 19

Dec 1988- End of Brezhnev Doctrine

Aug 1989- Hungary opens borders to East Germans

Oct 1989- Eastern bloc states can go own way

Nov 1989- Fall of Berlin Wall

Question 20

The significance of the Fall of the Berlin Wall (Germany)

Answer 20

German reunification

Soviet Union withdrew its troops

British and US troops remained in West Germany

Question 21

Growing Opposition to Gorbachev

Answer 21

Perestroika and Glasnost were not working

Lithuania wanted to leave the Soviet Union

Army felt that Gorbachev betrayed communism

Question 22

Why did USSR lose the Cold War?

Answer 22

Propaganda-

Arms Race- Catching up in arms race Damaged the economy

Freedom- Only existed because of oppression

Economy- did not have a productive economy