Encoding Flashcards
Encoding
automatic and effortful
Automatic Processing
the main point here for automatic processing is that you don’t have to rehearse this into to encode it like you do with effertful processing,
Effortful Processing
Novel information committed to
memory requires effort, like learning
a concept from a text.
▧ Such processing leads to durable
and accessible memories…the
adage of “practice makes
perfect” rings VERY true when it
comes to memory
Next-in-Line Effect
When your recall is better for what other people say but poor for a person just before you in line.
Spacing Effect
We retain information better when our
rehearsal is distributed over time
Studies have shown that if you study a bit each night, you’ll remember the information better than if you cram the night before a test
Serial Position Effect
When your recall is better for first and last items, but poor for middle items on a list.
active processing
You visualized what you were trying to remember
▧ You actively tried to put it in your memory
▧ Same can be said for studying
passive processing
▧ Just tried to memorize no real processing
▧ Only need to remember right now
▧ Same can be said for studying
Visual Encoding
Mental pictures (imagery) are a
powerful aid to effortful processing,
especially when combined with
semantic encoding.
▧ Showing adverse effects of
tanning and smoking in a picture
may be more powerful than
simply talking about it.
Mnemonic Device
Any device for memory which uses a pattern of letters, ideas, a story, analogy or association to help remember material in an easier way
- Method of Loci
memory palace
Involves imagining moving through a familiar series of locations with items to be remembered
Peg-word
Device that help you remember a list by visualizing an image that holds(pegs) the information you need
Link Method
Remember list by visualizing an image that links the items together
Chunking
Remembering something by putting it in smaller units to better remember for example social security
