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DAM 1001 > Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp > Flashcards

Enamel, Dentin, and Pulp Flashcards

1
Q

the most highly mineralized tissue in the body, consisting of more than 96% inorganic material in the form of apatite crystals and traces of organic material.

A

Enamel

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2
Q

Why is enamel so hard

A

Withstand large masticatory forces (complex organization of matrix)
Withstand acids (mineralization)

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3
Q

Explain thickness of enamel at diffent parts of tooth

A
  • Thickest on coronal surface of crown
  • Tapers in thicknest down to the CEJ
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4
Q

What is the thickness of enamel in the incsical ridge of incisors?

A

2mm

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5
Q

What is the thickness of enamel in the Cusp of pre-molar?

A

2.3-2.5mm

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6
Q

What is the thickness of enamel in the Cusp of molar?

A

2.5-3mm

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7
Q

How does the enamel of posterior teeth develope?

A

Cusps of posterior teeth begin as separate ossification centers, which form lobes that coalesce.

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8
Q

What is the mineralization and matrix of the enamel (3 things)

A
  • Hydroxyapatite= 90-92%
  • Organic matrix proteins = 1- 2%
  • Water = 4- 12%
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9
Q

When conducting a filling, how much do you cut?

A

MUST cut past the enamel so that the material can adhere to the dentin.

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10
Q

The enamel is cellular or acellular?

A

Acellular it CANNOT be regenerated

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11
Q

The enamel is composed (structurally) of what 3 main things?

A

1.Enamel Rods
2. Enamel interods
3. Rod Sheaths

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

The tennis racket like structure that make up the enamel

A

Enamel rod

ROunded = stronger than square

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14
Q

Explain the postioning of the head and tail of the enamel rod.

A

Rounded Head= more incisal occlusally
Tail= more cervicall

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15
Q

The sturctures filling the gaps in bewteen enamel rods

A

Enamel Interrods

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16
Q

What are these?

A

Enamel rods and minerals within.

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17
Q

What are the two arrows pointing at?

A
  • Enamel Rod
  • Interod
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18
Q

Where does eache enamel rod extend from to where?

A

From DEJ to exterenal surface of teeth.
* Perpendicular from DEJ , **except in cervical region of permanent teeth cause theyre vertical **

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19
Q

Explain trend in enamal rod thickness

A
  • At DEJ 4um
  • At outer surface 8um
    thicker on outer surface
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20
Q

Groups of enamel rods entwine with adjacent groups of rods, following a curving irregular path toward tooth surface.

A

Gnarled Enamel

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21
Q

Label

A
  • 1= enamel
  • 1a= gnarled enamel
  • 2= dentin
  • 3= dental pulp
  • 12= gingiva
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22
Q

Changes in direction of enamel prisms produce an optical appearance called

waves in enamel

A

Hunter-Schreger bands

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23
Q

WHat is this?

A

Hunter-Schreger bands

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24
Q
  • Hypomineralized structures of enamel rods and rod sheath.
    Project between adjacent groups of enamel rods.
  • Arise in dentin, extend from DEJ into the enamel in direction of long axis of crown
A

Enamel Tufts

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25
Q

What is arrow pointing at?

A

Enamel Tufts

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26
Q

Why is it that enamel tufts may play a role in dental caries?

A

Not as mineralized so less combative of acids released by bacteria = wear out first.

Allows caries to extend all the way to the DEJ

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27
Q

extend for varying depths from the surface of enamel and consist of linear, longitudinally oriented defects filled with organic material.
Thin, leaf-like faults
* A weak area predisposing a tooth to entry of bacteria and caries.
* Mostly organic material

A

Enamel Lamellae

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28
Q

Growth rings on enamel, inner layers newest, outer= oldest.

longitudinal lines

A

Striae of Retzius (line of Retzius)

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29
Q

What is this?

A

Mineralization of enamel.
Newest inside.

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30
Q

Lable red and yellow arrows

A

Yellow= line of Retzius
Red= Hunter schrieder bands

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31
Q

Fine, transverse wavelike grooves believed to be external manifestations of the striae of Retzius.
* Horizontal continuous around toot, parallel to CEJ

A

Perikymata

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32
Q

What are the black arrows pointing to?

A

Perikymata

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33
Q

Enamel formed without any rods or prism pattern, found primarily in the cervical region of the tooth.

  • 30 um thick
  • heavily minerlaized
  • circular depressions (concavities) which may contribute to plaque adherence in young individuals
  • Wear with age

neck of tooth

A

Prismless enamel

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34
Q

What are 2 blue arrows?

A
  • Regular enamel rods
  • Prismless enamel
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35
Q

The junction between enamel and dentin is established as these two hard tissues begin to form and is seen as a scalloped profile in cross section

A

Dentinoenamel Junction

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36
Q

Odontoblast processes from within dentin hollow tubule that extend into the enamel

A

Enamel Spindles

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37
Q

Lable all 5 from top to bottom

A
  1. Enamel
  2. Enamel tufts
  3. Enamel Spindle
  4. Dentin
  5. Dentin tubules
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38
Q

What is top blue arrow pointing too?

A

Enamel Tufts

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39
Q

What are long lines

A

Enamel Lamelle

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40
Q

A more FLEXIBLE substance
STRONG and RESILIENT: increases fracture toughness of enamel.

A

Dentin

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41
Q

Compare enamel and dentin

A

Enamel= hard + brittle
Dentin= Flexible + strong

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42
Q

What is dentin embryonically derived from?

A

ECTOMESENCHYME
* (Ectoderm) in origin (specialized connective tissues)
* Formed from the dental papilla of the tooth bud

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43
Q

What cells form the dentin?

A

Ondontoblast; dentinogenisis

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44
Q

Lable

A
  • 1, enamel;
  • 1a, gnarled enamel;
  • 2, dentin;
  • 3a, pulp chamber
  • 3b, pulp horn
  • 3c, pulp canal
  • 4, apical foramen
  • 5, cementum
  • 6, periodontal fibers in periodontal ligament
  • 7, alveolar bone
  • 8, maxillary sinus
  • 9, mucosa
  • 10, submucosa
  • 11, blood vessels
  • 12, gingiva
  • 13, striae of Retzius.
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45
Q

Functions of the dentin-pulp complex

Formative/developmental

A

Production of primary and secondary dentin by odontoblasts.

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46
Q

Functions of the dentin-pulp complex

Nutritive

A

Supplies nutrients and moisture to dentin.

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47
Q

Functions of the dentin-pulp complex

Sensory/reparative

A
  • Provides nerve fibers within the pulp to mediate the sensation of pain.
  • Pulp does not differentiate between heat, touch, pressure, or chemicals.
48
Q

Functions of the dentin-pulp complex

Defensive/reparative

A
  • Response to irritation via inflammatory reaction
  • Deposition of reparative (by odontoblasts) dentin to act as a protective barrier
49
Q

What do black teeth signify?

A

Reperative Dentin

50
Q

What is sharp shooting, throbbing pain in a tooth related to?

A

Nerve related pain

which is a protective mechanims

51
Q

long, slender cytoplasmic cell processes of odontoblasts.

A

Tomes Fibers inside Dentin Tubules

52
Q

What cells from enamel via what process

A

Amenoblast; via amenogensis

53
Q

small canals that extend through the entire width of dentin, from the pulp to the DEJ or CDJ.

A

Dentin Tubules

54
Q

Lining within dentin that is much more mineralized than the surrounding intertubular dentin.

A

peri-tubular dentin

55
Q

Deitin amongst each dentin tubules

A

intertubular dentin

56
Q

What cells run thrrough dentin tubuules

A

Tomes fibers from odontoblasts

57
Q

Is dentin cellular or acellular?

A

Cellular, considered living tissue that can respond to stimuli.

58
Q
A
59
Q

odontoblastic processes that cross the DEJ into enamel.

A

Enamel Spindles

60
Q

What is seening in this picture pointed out by the arrows?

A

Enamel Spindles

60
Q
A
61
Q

What is seen in this picuture?

A

Dentin Tubules

62
Q

Explain the trend in tubules size throughout the dentin

A
  • Smaller near the DEJ (more mineralized)
  • Larger as you go deeper towards dental pulp
  • Tubules in superficial root dentin are smalller + less numerous than those in** comparable depths of coronal dentin.**
63
Q
  • Form the dentin and maintain it.
  • Cell bodies are aligned along the inner aspect of the dentin and form the periphery of the dental pulp.
  • Cytoplasmic extensions found in dentinal tubules.
A

Odontoblast

64
Q

If you can see a layer of amenoblasts what does this signify?

A

Tooth has not erupted yet, once it erupts the amenoblast layer dies off and canot be seen anymore.

65
Q

What is A int his photo?

A

Odontoblasts

66
Q

Explain the structure of dentin

A
  • Bone like
  • Hollow tubes
  • Mineral nanoparticles (carbonated hydroxyapatite or cHAP) embedded in an organic matrix of collagen protein fibers, and water
67
Q

Dentin is first deposited as a layer of unmineralized matrix called

A

Pre-dentin

Innermost

68
Q

What is the thickness of pre-dentin, what makes uo the majority of it, and where does it lie?

A
  • 10-50um
  • Collagen is principle content
  • Lies in innermost portion of dentin
69
Q

How does predentin evolves over development?

A
  • Gradually mineralizes into dentin via noncollagenous matrix protiens being incorporated.
  • THickness remain constant over dentinogenisis and then deminishes with age.
70
Q

Explain left vs right

A
  • Left= errupted tooth
  • Right= unerupted tooth because you can see layer of epithelial tissue + layer of ameloblast that has not died off
71
Q

Explain content of mature dentin?

A
  • 70 is inorganic Material
  • 20% organic materia (majority Collage 1)
  • 10% water
72
Q

What do each arrow point at

A
73
Q

When does dentin formation begin?

A

Immediatley before enamel formation.
* Odontoblast geentrate extracellular collagen matrix and move away from adj ameloblasts (further into tooth)

74
Q

Where is the most recently formed layer of dentin?

Unmineralized zone of dentin is immediately next to the cell bodies of odontoblasts

A

Pre-dentin; Always on the pulpal surface
* Most inner layer
* Older by DEJ

75
Q

The dentin forming the initial shape of the tooth is called

A

primary dentin
* Forms intial shape of tooth
* Complete 3 years post toothe eruption

76
Q

What is it?

A

Pre-detnin.
By cell bodies of odontoblast

77
Q

when you see a buch of cells with blood vessles what is it?

A

Dental Pulp

78
Q

Look

A

Look

79
Q

What forms the majority bulk of the tooth?

A

Dentin

80
Q

What affects the color of the tooth and why?

A
  • **Dentin **determins color becuase it is underlyign the translucent emamel.
  • The color of dentin that shines through is the color of the tooth.
81
Q

How do you shade match

A

Shade match to dentin, more opaque crown colors block out the underlying dentin.

82
Q

Physical and Mechanical Properties of Dentin

A
  • Elastic= provides flexibility to tooth to prevent fractures
  • Can withstand forces up to 300MPa
  • Mineral nanoproducts protect collagen in dentin
83
Q

What are the 2 dentinal junctions?

A
  • DEJ; dentino-enamel juction
  • CDJ; cemento-enamel junction
84
Q

develops after root formation has been completed and represents the continuing, but much slower, deposition of dentin by odontoblasts.

A

Secondary Dentin

85
Q

deposition of secondary dentin on the roof and floor of the chamber is greater, leading to an asymmetrical reduction in the chamber’s size and shape

A

Pulp Recession

Gets narrower with age

86
Q

What feature of secondary detnin helps protect the pulp?

A

The tubules scleros (fill with calified matierial) redily. Helps reduce permeability of dentin, protects pulp.

87
Q

referred to as reactive or reparative dentin is produced in reaction to various stimuli, such as attrition, caries, or a restorative dental procedure.

Fast, unorganized, dark color

A

Tertiary Dentin

88
Q

What distinguishes tertiary dentin

A

produced only by those cells directly affected by the stimulus.

89
Q

What are the 2 subclasses of tertiary dentin?

A
  1. Reactionary Dentin
  2. Reperative Dentin

Visibly cant tell diffrence

90
Q

What kind of tertiary dentin

deposited by preexisting odontoblasts.

A

Reactionary Dentin

91
Q

What kind of tertiary dentin

deposited by newly differentiated odontoblast-like cells.

A

Reperative Dentin

messy!

92
Q

Look

A
93
Q

Dentin that forms at a later stage Requires proliferation of epithelial cells (HERTWIG’S epithelial root sheath)

A

Root Dentin

94
Q
  • These cells are from the cervical loop of the enamel organ.
  • Initiate differentiation of root odontoblasts
A

HERTWIG’S epithelial root sheath

Epitheliali Cells

95
Q

What starts first root dentin formation or tooth eruption?

A

Root formation precedes!

96
Q

WHat is signified by an x-ray showing a tooth with 2/3rd root formed?

A

tooth is going to erupt!

97
Q

Look

A

Look

98
Q
  • Cells from the fragmented root sheath
  • Form discreet masses surrounded by a basal lamina
  • Persist in the mature PDLs
  • May participate in maintenance and regeneration of periodontal tissues.
A

Epithelial (cell) rests of Malassez

99
Q

Dental pulp is lined by what?

A

Lined by a layer of odontoblast from dentin

100
Q

What are the 2 types of dental pulp?

A
  1. Coronal pulp (up by the crown)
  2. Radicular pulp (inside root)

Contain nerves, arterioles, venules, capillaries, lymph, tussues, cells etc.

101
Q

How does dental pulp compare in young idv vs old

A

Young= wide large dental pulp
Older= thin narrow chambers

102
Q

Thin layer of hard dental tissue covering the anatomic roots.

A

Cementum

103
Q

What cells from cementum? ANd where?

A

Cementoblast from mesehncymal cells of the dental follicle

104
Q

Is cementum softer or harder than dentin?

A

Softer, 50% hydrooxyapotitit, 50% organic matter/water

105
Q

portions of the PDLs embedded in cementum andalveolar bone to attach the tooth to the alveolus.

A

Sharpeys Fibers

106
Q

Is cementum vascular or avascular?

It is living tissue

A

Avascular, no blood vessels.

107
Q

Explain Acellular Cementum

A
  • Layer with no cells
  • Mostly in the coronal half of root (top)
108
Q

Explain Cellular Cementum

A
  • Has cells
  • Mostly on apical half of root (bottom)
109
Q

defined as the bodily movement of a tooth from its site of development to its functional position in the oral cavity

A

Active Eruption

110
Q

is the apparent lengthening of the crown due to the loss of attachment, or recession of the gingiva.

A

Passive Eruption

111
Q

During passive eurption what happens to the clinical crown and root?

A

Clinical crown getting longer, its not true eruption

112
Q

What junction

Relatively smooth
Attachment of cementum to dentin is firm

A

Cementodentinal Juction CDJ

Not visible

113
Q

The joint between enamel and cementum
* In about 10% of teeth, enamel and cementum DO NOT meet.
* Result in sensitive area

A

Cementoenamel Junction (CEJ)

114
Q

Abrasion, erosion, caries, scaling, and restoration finishing, and polishing procedures can denude dentin of its cementum covering.

Causing what?

A

Dentin sensitivity (heat, cold, sweet, sour)

115
Q

Cementum can repair itself and is not resorbed during normal conditions BUT when can resobtion occur?

A
  • Excessisve pressure due to trauma or orthodontic movement.
  • Apical resorbtion of cementum

DAM 1001 (13 decks)

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