Dental Anomalies Flashcards
deviation from normal, usually related to embryonic development that may result in the absence, excess, or deformity of body parts.
Does not mean abnormal
Anomaly
A genetic extremly disorder assocates wirh ectodermal dysplasia. Normally has associated abornmalities. Missing Teeth. Permanent or primary teeth.
Anodontia
What are the 3 types of adodontia?
- Complete Adodontia (no teeth at all)
- Hypodontia (abcesses of 1-6 teeth)
- Oligodontia ( abscess of 6+ teeth)
Adodontia is assocated with what?
Ectodermal Dysplasia (miss formation of ectoderm; bad skin, nerve, teeth)
?
Total anodontia (no teeth at all)
Total congenital abscense of a set of teeth Primary or secondary dentition. Rare
* Sex-linked genetic trait
Total anodontia
Ectodermal dysplasia reslts in what?
Development of ectoderm (outer embryonic cell layer) Affects:
* Hair, nails, sebaceous & sweat glands (cant sweat), salivary glands
Congenitally missing 1-6 teeth, may not be herediatry but commonly runs in famuly, radiograph required to assure missing teeth are acutally not there
partial anodontia
Which is the most commonly missing permanent tooth?
Maxillary 3rd molars
Partial anodontia
Which is the 2nd most commonly missing permanent teeth?
Max Lateral Incisors
Partial anodontia
Which is the third most frequently missing permanent teeth?
Mandibular 2nd PM
Partial anodontia
Which teeth are the LEAST likely to be absent from the dentition?
Canines! Stable, always there!
Partial anodontia
Wide space in between canine and central?
Narrow space between canine and central?
Wide space= extracted lateral
Narrow space= missing lateral
always confirm with x-ray
Partial anodontia
What are 2 other teeth that can somtimes be missing?
- Primary mandibular incisors
- Permanent mandibular central incisors
Extra teeth
Supernumerary teeth
* all diffrent shape and sizes
3 most common location for supernumerary teeth
- Maxillary Incisor Area
- Third Molar Area
- Mandibular Premolar Area
A small supernumerary tooth that is found bewteen central incisors.
* At maxillary midlines
* Conse shaped
* Short root
* May or may not be visible in oral cavity; uneruped cause diastema btwn centrals
Mesioden
Where is it less frequent to have a supernumerary tooth?
Btwn lateral and canine
?
Mesioden
an unerupted mesioden can causes what?
A diastema btwn centrals
?
Molar form mesioden
Supernumerary teeth distal to third molars
* More common in maxillary arch, can occur in mandible
* Rarely erupt
* Usually discovered through radiographs
Distomolars; para molar; 4th molars
Where is the most common location for mandibular supernumerary teeth?
Look like what?
- between the first and second premolar regions.
- Generally resemble normal premolars in size and shape
?
Supernumery tooth in the mandible
Where else can you have supernumery teeth in the mandible?
In bewteen central incisor areas
3 seperate roots
Abnormal Crown Morphology
Which third molars have the most variable crown shape of all permanent teeth, followed by which other thirds?
* Small peg shaped crown
* multi cupsts
* malformed vesrion of 1st or 2nd molar
- Maxillary 3rd molars are most odd
- Followed by mandible
What are the 6 abnormal tooth morphology?
- Abnormal Crown Morphology
- Abnormal Root Morphology
- Anomalies in tooth Position
- Additional Developmental Malformations
- Reactions to Injury after Eruption
- Unusual Dentitions.
Abnormal Crown Morphology
- The most common anomaly in tooth shape in anterior region of the permanent dentition.
- 1-2% of population
- Tooth is conical tapers cervically, blunt point
- 1 lobe
Peg shaped Max Lateral
?
Peg Shaped Lateral Incsiors
Extremely rare
Peg shaped centrals
Abnormal Crown Morphology
from the splitting (or twinning) of a single forming tooth.
* Tooth division is incomplete
* Double in width, notched
* single root, common pulp canal
* More in primary
* Most common in max incisors & cannines
Gemination or Twinning:
1 root 2 teeth, more teeth in arch
? What do you specifically call each?
Gernination!
* 4th molar
* 5th incsiors
The union of two adjacent tooth germs, always involving the dentin.
* Common in anteriors
* Primary more common
* Mandibular incisor area > Maxillary.
Fusion
2 teeth 2 roots, same number off teeth in arch
What does the radiograph of fusion abnormality look like?
2 seperate but fused roots with seperate pulp chambers.
What is left what is right?
Left is germination (2 teeth split from 1, 1 root)
Right is fusion (2 teeth joined to make 1, 2 roots)
What does this show?
Fusion of 4th molar to 3rd molar
Abnormal Crown Morphology
What dos this show?
Fusion of mesioden to incsiors
Abnormal Crown Morphology
Germ or fusion?
Germination, central is splitting
5 teeth!
Abnormal Crown Morphology
Germ or fusion?
Germination, splitting of teeth
6 teeth
Abnormal Crown Morphology
Maxillary and mandibular incisor- may be screwdriver shaped, broad cervically and narrowing incisally, with a notched incisal edge.
Hutchinsons Incisors
Abnormal Crown Morphology
In pt. with congentital syphyllis what is common?
Hutchinson’s Incisors and Mulberry Molars
Lots of tuberlces on molars and pits.
Mulbery Molars
?
Hutchinsons Incisors
?
Hutchinsons Incisors
Compare
- Top is hutchinsons
- Lower is fusion (longer line)
History / PE: Early manifestations
Hepatosplenomegaly (spleen/liver enlargmnet)
Cutaneous lesions on palms/soles
Jaundice/anemia
Rhinorrhea (runny nose)
Congenital Syphyllis
Mom had it passe on to kid through womb or birth canal
What are clinical manifesation of untreated congenital syphilis?
- Frontal bossing (bulge on facial)
- Hutchinson teeth
- Saddle nose (flat nose)
- Perioral fissures (cracks around mouth)
An increase in volume of tissue increase in cell numbers
Hyperplasia
Increase in cell size
Hypertorphy
As a result of developmental localized hyperplasia, from fusion of supernumerary tooth
Acessory enamel projections
extra midlingual cusp on mandibular molar
Tuberculum Intermedium
In the middle
if this extra cusp on the distal marginal ridge.
Tuberculum Sextum
On the edge
A small projection on the lingual surface of maxillary or mandibular anterior permanent teeth.
Talon Cusp
very small, but normally shaped teeth
Crown or root
Microdontia
very large, but normally shaped teeth may occur as a single tooth, several teeth, or all teeth in a dentition.
Crown or root
Macrodontia
Not a true anomaly
A trait reflecting biologic differences between races.
* Occur most frequently in Asian, Mongoloid, Arctic, and Native American populations.
Shovel Shaped Teeth In max incisors
pits & decay common
Lingual scoop
Often found near frucation of wisdom teeth. Hard to clean.
Enamel Pearls
bull or prism teeth
* Long Pulp Chamber
* No Constriction of tooth at CEJ
* Only permanent teeth
* Caused by disorganization of the calcified tissues and possibly occurs in dentitions subjected to heavy use.
Taurodontia
Heavy wear on the occlsuion can result in what?
Wide CEJ
Severe bend or angular distortion of a tooth root.
Dilaceration
A developmental anomaly resulting from invagination of the enamel organ within the crown of a tooth.
Dens in Dente; tooth within a tooth
- Superficial fusion or growing together of only the cementum of two adjacent tooth roots.
- Occurs after eruption due to close proximity of roots + excessive cementum depostion
- Maxillary molar regions
Concrescence
Tiny Short roots.
Dwarfed Roots
thickening of cementum
* Excessive formation of cementum after the tooth has erupted.
* Caused by trauma, metabolic dysfunction, or periapical inflammation.
* Excess cementum may actually form a thin layer connecting adjacent roots, similar to “webbed duck”.
Hypercementosis
Thick Cementum
?
Hypercementosis
Extra roots
Acessory Roots
Misplaced teeth
Malpositioned Teeth
Initiated by an infection or trauma to the periodontal ligament, resulting in the loss of its periodontal ligament space so the tooth root is truly fused to the alveolar process or bone.
Ankylosis
What can obliterate the PDL?
Hard Tooth Occlusion
may be hereditary (as with amelogenesis imperfecta) or could result from
Enamel Dysplasia
What are systemic causes of enamel dysplasia
- High fever
- Nutrutional Defeciency
- Excess amount of flouride
What are local disturbances of enamel dysplasia
- trauma
- periapical infection
What can enamel dyslplasia causes in tooth?
Variation in tooth color, from white to yellow and brown) or **variations in morphology **(such as pitting or roughened enamel) can result.
Abnormal enamel formation
Amelogenisis Imperfecta
Too much fluoride during tooth fomation
Flurosis
Dysplasia due to high fever
Enamel Damage
Incomplete development of the enamel
Enamel Hypoplasia
Faulty Dentin formation, hereditary. Dark, generalized
Dentogenisis Imperfecta
Specific location of enamel growth, tertiary enamel growth from decay from primary tooth that travled down into the roots and affected the enamel of the permanent tooth
Focal Enamel Hypoplasia
; turners tooth (dot)
?
Dentogensis imperfecta, dark thick dentin, no pulp chamber
whitening no work
Drug Taken While Tooth Forming. Whitening not work.
Tetracycline Stain
Tooth Wear from Tooth-to-Tooth Grinding or Bruxing
Attrition
Teeth to Teeth
Tooth Wear from Abrasive Products (Such as from Incorrect Tooth Brushing with Abrasive Toothpaste, Tobacco Chewing)
Tooth to product
Abrasion
Tooth Destruction from Acids, such as from Lemons Held in the Vestibule or Stomach Acids of Bulimic
Erosion
Unusual Dentition
- Max molars with mandibular anatomy
- Lots of extra teeth
