Enamel

Question 1

origin of enamel

Answer 1

inner enamel epithelium

Question 2

composition of enamel

Answer 2

96% inorganic, 4% organic, and water

Question 3

characteristics of enamel

Answer 3

1. hydroxyapatite
2. protein between crystals
3. non-vital; avascular
4. primary more opaque than permanent dentition

Question 4

How does enamel mature

Answer 4

1. apposition of protein matrix from ameloblasts
2. maturation is mineralized by addition of hydroxyapatite
3. post-eruptive-still a dynamic tissue that is influences by its environment

Question 5

What does mature enamel look like

Answer 5

looks like a rod or prism

Question 6

what must you have to create enamel

Answer 6

four ameloblasts to 1 rod

Question 7

where does enamel extend from

Answer 7

extends from DEJ to surface

Question 8

Microscopic features of mature enamel

Answer 8

1. DEJ-scalloped
2. Striae of Retzius-neonatal line
3. Neonatal line-trauma of birth
4. Enamel Spindles-odontoblastic processes that becomes mineralized in enamel
5. Enamel tufts-deepest 1/3 of enamel
6. Enamel lamella-longer and narrow version of tuft

Question 9

Defects of Amelogenesis

Answer 9

1. genetic dysplasia/hypoplasia
2. febrile diseases
3. tetracycline
4. fluoride
5. enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification
6. turners spot

Question 10

genetic dysplasia/hypoplasia characteristics

Answer 10

from mom or dad and effects formation of all teeth when genetic

Question 11

febrile disease characteristics

Answer 11

effects enamel and is due to a bad fever as a child; seen in mandibular incisors and mandibular first molars

Question 12

tetracycline characteristics

Answer 12

can be incorporated in causing a deep intrinsic staining; severity depends on how long antibiotic taken

Question 13

fluoride characteristics

Answer 13

greater than 2 ppm; can create fluorosis after 6 months

Question 14

enamel hypoplasia and hypocalcification characteristics

Answer 14

enamel hypoplasia-not enough enamel (quantity)

hypocalcification-not enough mineral content (quality)

Question 15

turners spot

Answer 15

disruption in reduced enamel epithelium causing localized resorption; common in mandibular incisors

Question 16

Repair capability of enamel

Answer 16

none

Question 17

Types of Fluoride

Answer 17

1. Topical: give patient toothpaste with fluoride in it

2. Systematic: Water supply or prescription with fluoride

Question 18

Enamel bonding capabilities

Answer 18

it has bonding capabilities which is why we can complete restorations because the enamel allows us to bind to it

Question 19

Different ways enamel can be lost

Answer 19

1. Attrition: tooth wearing against tooth
2. Abrasion: something from the outside (toothbrush) on tooth removing enamel
3. Erosion: Chemical process done through excessive vomiting

Question 20

What should you tell a patient to do directly after vomiting

Answer 20

remove the taste in mouth by rinsing mouth with water and spitting it out. Do not use toothpaste.