Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

A-Level Biology ONLY > EN: Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP > Flashcards

EN: Photosynthesis, Respiration and ATP Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Give examples of things plants need energy for:

A
  • Photosynthesis
  • Active transport
  • DNA replication
  • Cell division
  • Protein synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Give examples of things animals need energy for:

A
  • Muscle contraction
  • Maintenance of body temperature
  • Active transport
  • DNA replication
  • Cell division
  • Protein synthesis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the overall equation for photosynthesis?

A

6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy —> C6H12O6 + 6O2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe photosynthesis in words:

A

The process where energy from light is used to make glucose from H2O and CO2 (light energy is converted to chemical energy in the form of glucose).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where is energy stored in plants?

A

In the glucose, until it is released by respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

How do animals obtain glucose?

How do they release energy?

A

By eating plants/other animals.

Release energy by respiration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Why is respiration useful?

A

The energy released is used to power all the biological processes in a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two types of respiration?

What is the difference?

A

Aerobic respiration - using oxygen.

Anaerobic respiration - without oxygen.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What does aerobic respiration produce?

What is the equation?

A

Carbon dioxide + water + releases energy.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 —> 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does anaerobic respiration produce in plants and yeast?

A

Glucose —> ethanol and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What does anaerobic respiration produce in humans?

A

Glucose —> lactate + energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine triphosphate.

The immediate source of energy in a cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why is ATP needed?

A

A cell can’t get its energy directly from glucose.

So ATP is needed to carry the energy around the cell to where it’s needed.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The energy released from glucose is used to make what?

A

ATP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Briefly describe how ATP is synthesised?

A

A condensation reaction between ADP and inorganic phosphate, using the energy from an energy-releasing reaction.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is the energy stored in ATP?

A

As chemical energy in the phosphate bond.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What catalyses the reaction of ATP synthesis?

A

The enzyme ATP synthase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Draw ATP:

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What does ATP diffuse to?

What happens next?

A

The part of the cell that needs energy.

It’s hydrolysed back into ADP and inorganic phosphate. Chemical energy is released from the phosphate bond and used by the cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What catalyses the breakdown of ATP?

A

ATP hydrolase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What happens to the products of the hydrolysis of ATP?

A

ADP and inorganic phosphate are recycled and the process starts again.

22
Q

Why is ATP and good energy source?

A
  • Energy released is small and manageable - so no energy wasted as heat.
  • Small, soluble molecule so can be easily transported around the cell.
  • Easily broken down so energy can be released instantaneously.
  • Quickly re-made.
  • Makes other molecules more reactive by phosphorylation.
  • Can’t pass out of the cell, so cell always has an immediate supply of energy.
23
Q

Phosphorylation.

A

The action of one molecule transferring a phosphate group to another molecule.

24
Q

The action of one molecule transferring a phosphate group to another molecule.

A

Phosphorylation.

25
Q

Metabolic pathway

A

A series of amll reactions controlled by enzymes.

26
Q

Photophosphorylation

A

Adding phosphate to a molecule using light.

27
Q

Photolysis

A

The splitting of a molecule using light energy.

28
Q

Photoionisation

A

When light energy ‘excites’ electrons in an atom or molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released.

29
Q

Hydrolysis

A

The splitting of a molecule using water.

30
Q

Decarboxylation

A

The removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule.

31
Q

Dehydrogenation

A

The removal of hydrogen from a molecule.

32
Q

Redox reactions.

A

Reactions that involve oxidation and reduction.

33
Q

A series of amll reactions controlled by enzymes.

A

Metabolic pathway

34
Q

Adding phosphate to a molecule using light.

A

Photophosphorylation

35
Q

The splitting of a molecule using light energy.

A

Photolysis

36
Q

When light energy ‘excites’ electrons in an atom or molecule, giving them more energy and causing them to be released.

A

Photoionisation

37
Q

The splitting of a molecule using water.

A

Hydrolysis

38
Q

The removal of carbon dioxide from a molecule.

A

Decarboxylation

39
Q

The removal of hydrogen from a molecule.

A

Dehydrogenation

40
Q

Reactions that involve oxidation and reduction.

A

Redox reactions.

41
Q

The release of electrons during photoionisation causes what?

A

The atom or molecule to become a positively-charged ion.

42
Q

Describe reduction:

A
  • The gain of electrons/hydrogen
  • The loss of oxygen
43
Q

Describe oxidation:

A
  • The loss of electrons/hydrogen
  • The gain of oxygen
44
Q

Oxidation of one molecule always …

A

… involves the reduction of another molecule.

45
Q

Coenzyme

A

A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme.

46
Q

A molecule that aids the function of an enzyme.

A

Coenzyme

47
Q

Briefly describe how coenzymes work:

A

By transferring a chemical group from one molecule to another.

48
Q

What is the coenzyme in photosynthesis?

How does it work?

A

NADP.

Transfers hydrogen from one molecule to another - so it can reduce or oxidise a molecule.

49
Q

Give examples of coenzymes in respiration.

A

NAD, coenzyme A and FAD.

50
Q

What do the coenzymes used in respiration do?

A

NAD and FAD - transfer hydrogen from one molecule to another - this means they can reduce or oxidise a moleucle.

Coenzyme A - transfers acetate between molecules.

A-Level Biology ONLY (45 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions