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EMT224(1) Flashcards

1
Q

A cardiac condition characterized by hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of hypertension of the pulmonary circulation is ___.

A

Cor pulmonale

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2
Q

What is an abnormal or peculiar response to a drug called?

A

Idiosynchratic

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3
Q

A form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolar/capillary injury that leads to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia is called ___?

A

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

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4
Q

Concussions are associated with what?

A

A loss of consciousness

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5
Q

What is the window for fibrinolytic therapy with acute ischemic stroke?

A

3 hours of onset

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6
Q

Maintenance infusion for epinephrine is what?

A

2-10 mcg/kg/min for bradycardia

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7
Q

Maintenance infusion for dopamine is what?

A

2-10 mcg/kg/min for bradycardia

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8
Q

Maintenance infusion for amiodarone is what?

A

0.5 mg/min

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9
Q

What is the IV drip for amiodarone?

A

540 mg IV over 18 hours

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10
Q

What is osmotic diuresis?

A

Glucose has an osmotic effect that prevents kidneys from reabsorbing water

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11
Q

What is an ECG finding for DKA?

A

Hyperkalemia = peaked T waves

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12
Q

Osmotic diuresis occurs with what?

A

DKA

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13
Q

Cool, clammy skin can indicate what?

A

Hypoglycemia

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14
Q

Warm dry skin can indicate what?

A

DKA

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15
Q

DKA pulse? Hypoglycemia pulse?

A 
DKA = tachycardia
Hypo = weak rapid pulse
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16
Q

FSBS for DKA? Hypoglycemia? HHNS?

A 
DKA = over 300
Hypo = under 70
HHNS = over 600
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17
Q

Growth hormone is released by what gland?

A

Anterior pituitary

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18
Q

Formula for CPP? What is CPP?

A

Cerebral perfusion pressure

CPP = Mean arterial pressure (MAP) - Intracranial pressure (ICP)

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19
Q

MAP is usually what number? What to shoot for in trauma?

A

70-95

Trauma 60-70

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20
Q

Alpha cells release?

A

Glucagon

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21
Q

Beta cells release?

A

Insulin

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22
Q

What is glycogenolysis?

A

Stimulation of liver to release glycogen by glucagon

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23
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A

Glucose formation through breakdown of fatty acids

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24
Q

What does growth hormone act as?

A

Insulin antagonist

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25
Q

Thyroidtoxicosis is what?

A

Mild form of hyperthyroidism

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26
Q

Thyroid storm is what?

A

Life-threatening form of hyperthyroidism

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27
Q

What signs will you see with Graves disease?

A

Enlargement of thyroid gland, swollen neck and protruding eyes

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28
Q

Thickening and coarsening of skin in lips, nose throat is what?

A

Myxedema (hypothyroidism)

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29
Q

Cushing’s syndrome a result of what?

A

Elevated levels of corticosteroids

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30
Q

Moon face, obese trunk, atrophied extremities, acne, purple stretch marks = ?

A

Cushing’s syndrome

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31
Q

Addison’s disease = ?

A

Decreased corticosteroid hormones, cortisol and aldosterone

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32
Q

Addison’s crisis = ?

A

Adrenal glands cannot elevate steroid hormones, leads to decreased glucose, dehydration, decreased bp

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33
Q

A progressive disease of the CNS that attacks the myelin in the brain and spinal cord is what?

A

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

34
Q

A disease marked by degeneration of nerve cells in the basal ganglia in the brain is what?

A

Parkinson’s

35
Q

A motor neuron disease that causes weakness and eventually stops the muscles from working is what?

A

ALS, Lou Gehrig’s disease

36
Q

ALS stands for…?

A

Amiotrophic lateral sclerosis

37
Q

AEIOU TIPS stands for?

A 
Acidosis/alcohol
Epilepsy
Infection
Overdose
Uremia
Trauma
Insulin
Psychosis
Stroke
38
Q

What is AEIOU TIPS used for?

A

Causes of coma

39
Q

A tendency to have recurrent seizures is what?

40
Q

What is a neoplasm?

A

Brain tumor

41
Q

What is confabulation?

A

Inventing stories to fill gaps in memory

42
Q

What is the most common form of dementia?

A

Alzheimer’s

43
Q

What is Cushing’s triad?

A

Elevated BP
Decreased heart rate & respiratory rate
Widening pulse pressure

44
Q

Flexor response in arms is what?

A

Decorticate posturing

45
Q

Extensor response in arms and extension of the legs is what?

A

Decerebrate posturing

46
Q

Which is worse in posturing?

A

Decerebrate

47
Q

What is the most important forecasting factor for an ischemic stroke?

48
Q

A malignant or benign tumor or mass in the cranial cavity is what?

A

Neoplasm abnormal growth

49
Q

What are some steroid hormones?

A 
Cortisol
Aldosterone
Estrogen
Progesterone
Testosterone
50
Q

Acini glands produce what?

A

Pancreatic juice

51
Q

Delta cells produce what?

A

Somatostatin

52
Q

What is the first treatment for DKA?

A

Fluid bolus

53
Q

Sustained glucose over 160 can have what effect on the body?

A

It can be damaging to capillaries, decrease peripheral circulation and decrease sensation

54
Q

DKA results from what?

A

Absence or resistance to insulin

55
Q

A GCS of 9-12 indicates what?

A

Moderate brain injury

56
Q

GCS of less than 8 indicates what?

A

Severe brain injury

57
Q

What is Babinski’s sign?

A

A reflex movement in which the great toe bends upwards when the outer sole is scratched

58
Q

What can be confused with stroke?

A

Bell’s palsy

59
Q

What is Bell’s Palsy?

A

Paralysis of the facial muscles caused by inflammation of the facial nerve

60
Q

What is the facial nerve?

61
Q

What is peripheral neuropathy?

A

Damage or irritation to axons or their myelin sheaths

62
Q

Brain only uses what form of glucose for energy?

A

Serum glucose

63
Q

How do you differentiate SVT from sinus tach?

A

Sinus tach = discernible P and T waves

64
Q

The phase of a seizure when people go rigid initially is called what?

65
Q

The time required for an electrical impulse to be conducted through the atria and the AV node is what?

A

PR interval

66
Q

The process by which a drug is converted chemically to a metabolite is called what?

A

Biotransformation

67
Q

People taking a loop diuretic would also be expected to be taking what?

A

Potassium supplement

68
Q

Main difference between DKA and HHNS?

A

DKA produces ketones (through metabolism of fats—HHNS does not metabolize fats)

69
Q

How do you calculate minute volume?

A

Minute volume = (Tidal volume - Dead space) x Respiratory rate

70
Q

What is the source of atropine?

A

Plant (Belladonna)

71
Q

Which type of stroke develops quickly? Slowly?

A 
Quickly = hemorrhagic
Slowly = ischemic
72
Q

USP after a drug name indicates what?

A

Official name

73
Q

Two examples of sympathomimetics in respiratory pharmacology?

A

Epi and albuterol

74
Q

What is solumedrol?

A

Corticosteroid

75
Q

Components of Cincinnati stroke scale?

A

Facial droop
Arm drift
Speech

76
Q

Components of LA stroke scale?

A

Rule out other causes
Grip strength
Smile (facial droop)

77
Q

What is aphasia?

A

Inability to speak

78
Q

What is aphagia?

A

Inability to swallow

79
Q

Two signs of cardiac tamponade?

A

JVD

Tracheal deviation

80
Q

Purpose of the Circle of Willis?

A

Safeguard for cranial circulation

81
Q

Brain gets blood from what two arteries?

A

Carotid

Vertebral

82
Q

When is gestational diabetes a potential condition?

A

During pregnancy

EMT224 (2 decks)

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