EMT224(1) Flashcards by Sean McDowell

A cardiac condition characterized by hypertrophy of the right ventricle of the heart as a result of hypertension of the pulmonary circulation is ___.

Cor pulmonale

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What is an abnormal or peculiar response to a drug called?

Idiosynchratic

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A form of respiratory failure characterized by acute lung inflammation and diffuse alveolar/capillary injury that leads to pulmonary edema and hypoxemia is called ___?

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

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Concussions are associated with what?

A loss of consciousness

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What is the window for fibrinolytic therapy with acute ischemic stroke?

3 hours of onset

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Maintenance infusion for epinephrine is what?

2-10 mcg/kg/min for bradycardia

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Maintenance infusion for dopamine is what?

2-10 mcg/kg/min for bradycardia

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Maintenance infusion for amiodarone is what?

0.5 mg/min

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What is the IV drip for amiodarone?

540 mg IV over 18 hours

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What is osmotic diuresis?

Glucose has an osmotic effect that prevents kidneys from reabsorbing water

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What is an ECG finding for DKA?

Hyperkalemia = peaked T waves

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Osmotic diuresis occurs with what?

DKA

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Cool, clammy skin can indicate what?

Hypoglycemia

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Warm dry skin can indicate what?

DKA

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DKA pulse? Hypoglycemia pulse?

DKA = tachycardia
Hypo = weak rapid pulse

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FSBS for DKA? Hypoglycemia? HHNS?

DKA = over 300
Hypo = under 70
HHNS = over 600

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Growth hormone is released by what gland?

Anterior pituitary

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Formula for CPP? What is CPP?

Cerebral perfusion pressure

CPP = Mean arterial pressure (MAP) - Intracranial pressure (ICP)

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MAP is usually what number? What to shoot for in trauma?

70-95

Trauma 60-70

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Alpha cells release?

Glucagon

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Beta cells release?

Insulin

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What is glycogenolysis?

Stimulation of liver to release glycogen by glucagon

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What is gluconeogenesis?

Glucose formation through breakdown of fatty acids

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What does growth hormone act as?

Insulin antagonist

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Thyroidtoxicosis is what?

Mild form of hyperthyroidism

Thyroid storm is what?

Life-threatening form of hyperthyroidism

What signs will you see with Graves disease?

Enlargement of thyroid gland, swollen neck and protruding eyes

Thickening and coarsening of skin in lips, nose throat is what?

Myxedema (hypothyroidism)

Cushing's syndrome a result of what?

Elevated levels of corticosteroids

Moon face, obese trunk, atrophied extremities, acne, purple stretch marks = ?

Cushing's syndrome

Addison's disease = ?

Decreased corticosteroid hormones, cortisol and aldosterone

Addison's crisis = ?

Adrenal glands cannot elevate steroid hormones, leads to decreased glucose, dehydration, decreased bp

A progressive disease of the CNS that attacks the myelin in the brain and spinal cord is what?

Multiple sclerosis (MS)

A disease marked by degeneration of nerve cells in the basal ganglia in the brain is what?

Parkinson's

A motor neuron disease that causes weakness and eventually stops the muscles from working is what?

ALS, Lou Gehrig's disease

ALS stands for...?

Amiotrophic lateral sclerosis

AEIOU TIPS stands for?

``` Acidosis/alcohol Epilepsy Infection Overdose Uremia Trauma Insulin Psychosis Stroke ```

What is AEIOU TIPS used for?

Causes of coma

A tendency to have recurrent seizures is what?

Epilepsy

What is a neoplasm?

Brain tumor

What is confabulation?

Inventing stories to fill gaps in memory

What is the most common form of dementia?

Alzheimer's

What is Cushing's triad?

Elevated BP Decreased heart rate & respiratory rate Widening pulse pressure

Flexor response in arms is what?

Decorticate posturing

Extensor response in arms and extension of the legs is what?

Decerebrate posturing

Which is worse in posturing?

Decerebrate

What is the most important forecasting factor for an ischemic stroke?

TIA

A malignant or benign tumor or mass in the cranial cavity is what?

Neoplasm abnormal growth

What are some steroid hormones?

``` Cortisol Aldosterone Estrogen Progesterone Testosterone ```

Acini glands produce what?

Pancreatic juice

Delta cells produce what?

Somatostatin

What is the first treatment for DKA?

Fluid bolus

Sustained glucose over 160 can have what effect on the body?

It can be damaging to capillaries, decrease peripheral circulation and decrease sensation

DKA results from what?

Absence or resistance to insulin

A GCS of 9-12 indicates what?

Moderate brain injury

GCS of less than 8 indicates what?

Severe brain injury

What is Babinski's sign?

A reflex movement in which the great toe bends upwards when the outer sole is scratched

What can be confused with stroke?

Bell's palsy

What is Bell's Palsy?

Paralysis of the facial muscles caused by inflammation of the facial nerve

What is the facial nerve?

VII

What is peripheral neuropathy?

Damage or irritation to axons or their myelin sheaths

Brain only uses what form of glucose for energy?

Serum glucose

How do you differentiate SVT from sinus tach?

Sinus tach = discernible P and T waves

The phase of a seizure when people go rigid initially is called what?

Tonic

The time required for an electrical impulse to be conducted through the atria and the AV node is what?

PR interval

The process by which a drug is converted chemically to a metabolite is called what?

Biotransformation

People taking a loop diuretic would also be expected to be taking what?

Potassium supplement

Main difference between DKA and HHNS?

DKA produces ketones (through metabolism of fats---HHNS does not metabolize fats)

How do you calculate minute volume?

Minute volume = (Tidal volume - Dead space) x Respiratory rate

What is the source of atropine?

Plant (Belladonna)

Which type of stroke develops quickly? Slowly?

``` Quickly = hemorrhagic Slowly = ischemic ```

USP after a drug name indicates what?

Official name

Two examples of sympathomimetics in respiratory pharmacology?

Epi and albuterol

What is solumedrol?

Corticosteroid

Components of Cincinnati stroke scale?

Facial droop Arm drift Speech

Components of LA stroke scale?

Rule out other causes Grip strength Smile (facial droop)

What is aphasia?

Inability to speak

What is aphagia?

Inability to swallow

Two signs of cardiac tamponade?

JVD | Tracheal deviation

Purpose of the Circle of Willis?

Safeguard for cranial circulation

Brain gets blood from what two arteries?

Carotid | Vertebral

When is gestational diabetes a potential condition?

During pregnancy

EMT224(1) Flashcards

(82 cards)