EMT trivia

Question 1

Respiratory Rate - Adult

Answer 1

12-20 breaths per minute (average)

8-24 breaths (normal)

Question 2

Respiratory Rate - Elderly

Answer 2

20-22 breaths per minute

Question 3

Respiratory Rate - Children

Answer 3

15-30 breaths per minute

Question 4

Respiratory Rate - Infants

Answer 4

25-50 breaths per minute

Question 5

Pumps oxygenated blood to Aorta

Most muscular section of heart

Answer 5

Left Ventricle

Question 6

Section of heart that receives oxygen-rich blood from pulmonary veins

Answer 6

Left Atrium

Question 7

Atria

Answer 7

Upper chambers of the heart

Question 8

Receives oxygen depleted blood from veins of body

Answer 8

Right Atrium

Question 9

Section of heart that pumps deoxygenated blood out to pulmonary arteries to be breathed out

Answer 9

Right Ventricle

Question 10

Between the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle

Answer 10

Tricuspid Valve

Question 11

At the base of Pulmonary Artery in the left ventricle

Answer 11

Pulmonary valve

Question 12

Between the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle

Answer 12

Bicuspid (or Mitral) valve

Question 13

At the base of the Aortic artery in the left ventricle

Answer 13

Aortic valve

Question 14

Aorta

Answer 14

Major artery that supplies oxygenated blood from the heart

Question 15

Coronary Arteries

Answer 15

Arteries that supply the heart itself with blood

Question 16

Carotid Arteries

Answer 16

Vessels that supply the brain and head with oxygenated blood

Question 17

Femoral Arteries

Answer 17

Major artery of the thigh. Vessels that supply the groin and legs with oxygenated blood

Question 18

Brachial Arteries

Answer 18

Major artery of the upper arm

Question 19

Pulmonary arteries

Answer 19

Originate in the Right Ventricle of the heart. Carries oxygen-depleted blood TO the lungs.

• the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood

Question 20

Capillaries

Answer 20

Tiny blood vessel that connects an arteriole to a venue

Has walls that allow exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste at the cellular level

Question 21

Superior Vena Cava

Answer 21

Vein that brings deoxygenated blood from (upper) body to heart

Question 22

Inferior Vena Cava

Answer 22

Vein that brings deoxygenated blood from (lower) body to heart

Question 23

Cerebrum

Answer 23

Outermost portion of brain. Controls specific body functions like sensation, thought, and associative memory. Initiates & manages conscious motions.

Question 24

Cerebellum

Answer 24

“Small brain” - located posterior and inferior aspect of cranium. Coordinates muscle activity, maintains balance through impulses from eyes & ears. Connor initiate muscle contraction, but can hold muscles in a state of Petipa contraction.

Question 25

Brainstem

Answer 25

Contains medulla oblongata, which has 3 major controls: “Respiratory Center” - controls rate/depth of respiration’s. “Cardiac Center”- regulates heart rate & force of ventricle contractions. “Vasomotor Center”- produces dilation (relaxation) and construction of blood vessels

Question 26

Sympathetic Nervous System

Answer 26

“Fight-or-Flight” response. Activated by stressors like trauma, blood loss, fright, etc. Pupils dilate, saliva decrease, bronchioles dilate, heart rate increases, most blood vessels constrict, epinephrine (adrenaline) secreted, sweat increases, gastric juice secretion decrease

Question 27

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Answer 27

Returns body processes to normal Pupils construct, saliva secretions increases; bronchioles constrict, heart rate decreases, most blood vessels dilate, gastric secretions increase

Question 28

Chemoreceptors

Answer 28

Specialized receptors that monitor pH, CO2, and oxygen levels in arterial blood. There are two main groups

Question 29

Central Chemoreceptors

Answer 29

VERY sensitive to change. Located near respiratory center in medulla. Most sensitive to carbon dioxide and changes in pH of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The pH of CSF is a direct reflection of the CO2 level of arterial blood.

Question 30

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

Answer 30

Located in aortic arch and carotid bodies in the neck. Most sensitive to the level of oxygen in arterial blood. (As level of O2 in blood decreases, the peripheral chemoreceptors signal the respiratory center in brain stem to increase rathe & depth of respirations. *it takes a significant decrease in O2 to trigger this).

Question 31

Nitro standing order

Answer 31

- Standing Orders - BP > 100 systolic as per SD County (>90 for national reg.) - Pulse between 50-100 * No sexual enhancement (or pulmonary hypertension) drugs in 48 hrs - 5 Rights: Drug, Dose, Person, Expiration, & Route

Question 32

Glascow Coma Scale (15 pts)

Answer 32

Eyes (1-4): 4= Active 3= Verbal 2= Pain 1= unresponsive Verbal (1-5): 5= Oriented 4= Confused 3= inappropriate 2= garbled 1= none Motor (1-6): 6= obey 5= pain localized 4= pain withdrawal 3= Decorticate flextion. 2= decerebrate extension 1= none

Question 33

Dysarthria

Answer 33

Difficulty speaking (ie stroke patient)

Question 34

Cholesystitis

Answer 34

Inflammation of the gall bladder (usually shown by sharp pain in upper right quadrant -URP - after eating fatty foods)

Question 35

Bell’s Palsy

Answer 35

Facial paralysis caused by trauma a or damage to facial nerve

Question 36

Croup

Answer 36

Upper airway infection (pediatrics) that causes little to no fever and a distinct “barking” cough

Question 37

Ectopic Pregnancy

Answer 37

When fetus developers in an unusual place - i.e. Fallopian Tubes

Question 38

Preeclampsia

Answer 38

Hypertension during pregnancy (eventually leading to seizures = eclampsia)

Question 39

Wheezing

Answer 39

results in a high pitched sound, usually upon exhalation, as air is forced to go through tighter passages. Wheezing is common in most respiratory ailments including: Asthma, Bronchitis, COPD, Allergies. Treat with 02. (Albuterol for ALS)

Question 40

Ronchi

Answer 40

Low pitched, Snoring, phlem-like lung sounds. Usually means pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis or COPD. BLS = O2 ALS =

Question 41

Rales (or “crackles)

Answer 41

Lung sounds, like Rice Crispies or rubbing your hair together. It’s fluid at bottom of the lungs. Usually heard on inspiration rather than expiration

Question 42

GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)

Answer 42

EYES: 1-4 1= not open.. 2= respond to pain 3= respond to verbal .. 4= open/tracking VERBAL: 1-5 1= No sounds.. 2= Incomprehensible sounds 3= incoherent, random words.. 4= confused 5= alert & oriented MOTOR: 1-6 1= unresponsive .. 2= extension to pain (decerebrate).. 3= abnormal flexion to pain (decorticate).. 4= withdrawals/flexion to pain 5= localized to pain stimuli ... 6= obeys commands

Question 43

Pneumothorax

Answer 43

Accumulation of air in pleural cavity - causes partial or full collapse of lung. Usually from blunt or penetrating trauma. (In blunt trauma, if epiglottis is closed over trachea, it causes a “paper bag” effect)

Question 44

Open Pneumothorax

Answer 44

Collapsed lung caused by penetrating wound. Also called “sucking-chest wound”

Question 45

Tension Pneumothorax

Answer 45

**collapsed/injured lung begins to compress uninjured lung, heart, and large veins. Air is not being released! Treatment = lift chest seal or 3-sided dressing to let air out. Rapid transport! Immediately life threatening.