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EMS > EMT trivia > Flashcards

EMT trivia Flashcards

1
Q

Respiratory Rate - Adult

A

12-20 breaths per minute (average)

8-24 breaths (normal)

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2
Q

Respiratory Rate - Elderly

A

20-22 breaths per minute

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3
Q

Respiratory Rate - Children

A

15-30 breaths per minute

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4
Q

Respiratory Rate - Infants

A

25-50 breaths per minute

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5
Q

Pumps oxygenated blood to Aorta

Most muscular section of heart

A

Left Ventricle

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6
Q

Section of heart that receives oxygen-rich blood from pulmonary veins

A

Left Atrium

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7
Q

Atria

A

Upper chambers of the heart

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8
Q

Receives oxygen depleted blood from veins of body

A

Right Atrium

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9
Q

Section of heart that pumps deoxygenated blood out to pulmonary arteries to be breathed out

A

Right Ventricle

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10
Q

Between the Right Atrium and Right Ventricle

A

Tricuspid Valve

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11
Q

At the base of Pulmonary Artery in the left ventricle

A

Pulmonary valve

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12
Q

Between the Left Atrium and Left Ventricle

A

Bicuspid (or Mitral) valve

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13
Q

At the base of the Aortic artery in the left ventricle

A

Aortic valve

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14
Q

Aorta

A

Major artery that supplies oxygenated blood from the heart

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15
Q

Coronary Arteries

A

Arteries that supply the heart itself with blood

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16
Q

Carotid Arteries

A

Vessels that supply the brain and head with oxygenated blood

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17
Q

Femoral Arteries

A

Major artery of the thigh. Vessels that supply the groin and legs with oxygenated blood

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18
Q

Brachial Arteries

A

Major artery of the upper arm

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19
Q

Pulmonary arteries

A

Originate in the Right Ventricle of the heart. Carries oxygen-depleted blood TO the lungs.

  • the only arteries that carry deoxygenated blood
20
Q

Capillaries

A

Tiny blood vessel that connects an arteriole to a venue

Has walls that allow exchange of gases, nutrients, and waste at the cellular level

21
Q

Superior Vena Cava

A

Vein that brings deoxygenated blood from (upper) body to heart

22
Q

Inferior Vena Cava

A

Vein that brings deoxygenated blood from (lower) body to heart

23
Q

Cerebrum

A

Outermost portion of brain. Controls specific body functions like sensation, thought, and associative memory. Initiates & manages conscious motions.

24
Q

Cerebellum

A

“Small brain” - located posterior and inferior aspect of cranium. Coordinates muscle activity, maintains balance through impulses from eyes & ears. Connor initiate muscle contraction, but can hold muscles in a state of Petipa contraction.

25
Q

Brainstem

A

Contains medulla oblongata, which has 3 major controls:
“Respiratory Center” - controls rate/depth of respiration’s.
“Cardiac Center”- regulates heart rate & force of ventricle contractions.
“Vasomotor Center”- produces dilation (relaxation) and construction of blood vessels

26
Q

Sympathetic Nervous System

A

“Fight-or-Flight” response. Activated by stressors like trauma, blood loss, fright, etc.

Pupils dilate, saliva decrease, bronchioles dilate, heart rate increases, most blood vessels constrict, epinephrine (adrenaline) secreted, sweat increases, gastric juice secretion decrease

27
Q

Parasympathetic Nervous System

A

Returns body processes to normal

Pupils construct, saliva secretions increases; bronchioles constrict, heart rate decreases, most blood vessels dilate, gastric secretions increase

28
Q

Chemoreceptors

A

Specialized receptors that monitor pH, CO2, and oxygen levels in arterial blood. There are two main groups

29
Q

Central Chemoreceptors

A

VERY sensitive to change. Located near respiratory center in medulla. Most sensitive to carbon dioxide and changes in pH of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).
The pH of CSF is a direct reflection of the CO2 level of arterial blood.

30
Q

Peripheral Chemoreceptors

A

Located in aortic arch and carotid bodies in the neck.

Most sensitive to the level of oxygen in arterial blood. (As level of O2 in blood decreases, the peripheral chemoreceptors signal the respiratory center in brain stem to increase rathe & depth of respirations. *it takes a significant decrease in O2 to trigger this).

31
Q

Nitro standing order

A
  • Standing Orders
  • BP > 100 systolic as per SD County (>90 for national reg.)
  • Pulse between 50-100
  • No sexual enhancement (or pulmonary hypertension) drugs in 48 hrs
  • 5 Rights: Drug, Dose, Person, Expiration, & Route
32
Q

Glascow Coma Scale (15 pts)

A

Eyes (1-4): 4= Active 3= Verbal 2= Pain 1= unresponsive

Verbal (1-5): 5= Oriented 4= Confused 3= inappropriate 2= garbled 1= none

Motor (1-6): 6= obey 5= pain localized 4= pain withdrawal 3= Decorticate flextion. 2= decerebrate extension 1= none

33
Q

Dysarthria

A

Difficulty speaking (ie stroke patient)

34
Q

Cholesystitis

A

Inflammation of the gall bladder (usually shown by sharp pain in upper right quadrant -URP - after eating fatty foods)

35
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Facial paralysis caused by trauma a or damage to facial nerve

36
Q

Croup

A

Upper airway infection (pediatrics) that causes little to no fever and a distinct “barking” cough

37
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

When fetus developers in an unusual place - i.e. Fallopian Tubes

38
Q

Preeclampsia

A

Hypertension during pregnancy (eventually leading to seizures = eclampsia)

39
Q

Wheezing

A

results in a high pitched sound, usually upon exhalation, as air is forced to go through tighter passages. Wheezing is common in most respiratory ailments including: Asthma, Bronchitis, COPD, Allergies.

Treat with 02. (Albuterol for ALS)

40
Q

Ronchi

A

Low pitched, Snoring, phlem-like lung sounds. Usually means pneumonia, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis or COPD.

BLS = O2
ALS =

41
Q

Rales (or “crackles)

A

Lung sounds, like Rice Crispies or rubbing your hair together.
It’s fluid at bottom of the lungs. Usually heard on inspiration rather than expiration

42
Q

GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale)

A

EYES: 1-4
1= not open.. 2= respond to pain
3= respond to verbal .. 4= open/tracking

VERBAL: 1-5
1= No sounds.. 2= Incomprehensible sounds
3= incoherent, random words.. 4= confused
5= alert & oriented

MOTOR: 1-6
1= unresponsive .. 2= extension to pain (decerebrate).. 3= abnormal flexion to pain (decorticate).. 4= withdrawals/flexion to pain
5= localized to pain stimuli … 6= obeys commands

43
Q

Pneumothorax

A

Accumulation of air in pleural cavity - causes partial or full collapse of lung. Usually from blunt or penetrating trauma.
(In blunt trauma, if epiglottis is closed over trachea, it causes a “paper bag” effect)

44
Q

Open Pneumothorax

A

Collapsed lung caused by penetrating wound. Also called “sucking-chest wound”

45
Q

Tension Pneumothorax

A

**collapsed/injured lung begins to compress uninjured lung, heart, and large veins. Air is not being released!
Treatment = lift chest seal or 3-sided dressing to let air out. Rapid transport!
Immediately life threatening.

EMS (9 decks)

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