EMT Exam #1 (Ch 1-10; 13) Flashcards
NHTSA recommended standards acronym: T_
TAPAS
TAPAS stands for
Technical assistance program assessment standards
Wash hands for _ seconds
20 seconds
What does CISD stand for
critical incident stress debriefing
Protecting yourself from disease transmission is referred to as
standard precautions
Example of a disease you would wear N-95 for
SARS coronavirus; tuberculosis
N-95 mask requires fit test how often
yearly
Soiled clothes should be washed for how long
25 minutes
EMT should be tested annually for
tuberculosis (using purified protein derivative tuberculin test)
Fatigue, nausea/loss of appetite, abdominal pain and headache is are symptoms of H
Hepatitis B
__ is one disease that affects the liver
Hepatitis B
Jaundice, fatigue, abdominal pain, and dark urine are symptoms of
Hepatitis C
Is there a vaccination for Hep B & C
There is for B only
The most common bloodborne infection in the US
Hepatitis C
High fever, headache, respiratory symptoms and diarrhea are symptoms of
SARS
Most patients with SARS develop
pneumonia
Use this reference for hazardous materials
Emergency Response guidebook
Use this reference for hazardous materials
Emergency Response guidebook
How many classes of hi vis vests are there?
3
Class 1 high vis vests are for areas with traffic going less than
25 mph
What must patient be informed of before medical care
care to be provided and risks
Consent made from a conscious adult with capacity
expressed consent
Consent used with mentally incompetent adult
involuntary consent
Instructions written in advance
advance directive
A willful threat to inflict harm on a patient
assault
Touching patiently unlawfully without consent
battery
What to do if patient refuses treatement
Physical assessment, inform them of risks, try to persuade them, consult medical direction as needed, document patient response and have him sign refusal form
Also Encourage them to seek help if certain symptoms develop
HIPAA of ____ (year) protects privacy
1996
Federal regulations ensuring access to emergency health care regardless of ability to pay
COBRA and EMTALA
Consolidated omnibus budge reconciliation act and Emergency Medical treatment and Active labor act
Taking a patient to a hospital where they can better afford treatment is called ___ and is a violation of __
patient dumping; EMTALA
Report commonly done by EMTs
PCR (prehospital care report)
c/o stands for
complains of
Pt stands for
patient
CC stands for
chief complaint
q stands fir
evert
Tx stands for
treatmetn
CP stands for
chest pain
APAP stands for
tylenol
ASA stands for
Aspirin
stat means
immediately
Tx stands for
treatment
To acronyms for PCRs
SOAP & CHART
CHART stands for
chief complain, history, assessment, rx (treatment) transport
Acronym for communicating with medical direction
SBAR (situation background, assessment, recommendation)
stand by meaning
please wait
10-4
acknowledge message is received and understood
American intimate zone/personal space radius
1.5 ft
the study of touching
haptics
___ is when stomach is too forward and the back is too far back
lordosis
Official term for slouch
kyphosis
A _ stretcher is assembled around patient and shouldn’t be used if they have __
scoop stretcher; spinal injury
A _ can be used with a patient who is on a backboard moving over rough terrain
basket stretcher
a basket stretcher is also known as a
stokes basket
Positioning for unresponsive patient with no head neck or spinal injury
left lateral recumbent position (aka coma or recovery) to face rescuer in ambulance
A patient with chest pain or breathing difficulty should be placed in position of comfort, usually __ if __ is not present
sitting up; hypertension
A patient in shock should be place in __ position
supine
an alert patient who is vomiting should be in a ___ or __ position
sitting or recovery
A pregnant patient following her 20th week of pregnancy should be positioned how?
on her left side
A pregnant patient following her 20th week of pregnancy should be positioned how?
on her left side
The line dividing patient into front and back
midaxillary line
Line dividing patient into top and bottom half
transverse line
Towards front or belly (not anterior)
ventral
Axilla is a word meaning
armpit
plantar meaning
sole of foot
The zygomatic bones are
cheekbones
The part of the spine most prone to injury
cervical spine
The term for neck
cervical spine
m for upper back
thoracic spine
term for lower back
lumbar spine
The back wall of the pelvis is the
sacral spine
tailbone word
coccyx
Outside of the neck and back, the spine includes
the sacral spine (back wall of pelvis) and the coccyx (tailbone)
Official word for chest
thorax
The chest bones are the
ribs, sternum (breastbone) and thoracic spine
Forms the ‘wings of the pelvis’
iliac crest
The smaller distal end of the tibia forms the medial malleolus of the
ankle
Term for shoulder blade
scapula
The most superior part of the pharynx
nasopharynx
The __ is meant to allow passage of air but shares a common opening into laryngopharynx
nasopharynx
The __ is the middle part of the pharynx
oropharynx
Part of pharynx where air goes to larynx and food goes to esophagus
larynogopharynx
Part of pharynx you inspect when looking in patient’s mouth
oropharynx
The part containing adams apple
larynx
The part containing vocal chords
larynx
__ is the anterior portion of the throat
larynx
The larynx extends from __ to ___
laryngopharynx to the trachea
the __ is made of of cartilage that hardens with age
larynx
official term for substances (in unresponsive patient) moving into throat
aspiration
The __ covers the outer surface of the lungs
visceral pleura
Muscles in between ribs are called
intercostal muscles
Heart upper chambers are called
atria
The __ part of heart receives blood from veins
upper chambers/atria
The __ part of heart pumps blood out to arteries
ventricles (lower chambers)
The major vein from the heart
aorta
The major artery of the thigh
femoral artery
Major artery of the upper arm
brachial arteries
A(n) __ carries blood away from heart
artery
The smallest branch of veins
venules
__is the liquid part of the blood
plasma
An ___ pulse simply indicates the heart is contracting
apical
__ blood pressure is exerted when the heart contracts
systolic
__ blood pressure is exerted when the __ __ is at rest
diastolic; left ventricle
__ is swelling occuring in tissues
edema
Capillary leaking could cause
edema
The delivery of oxygen, glucose, and other nutrients to cells of all organ systems and elimination and other waste products resulting from adequate circulation of blood through capillaries
perfusion
Shock is also called
hypoperfusion
What is shock
insufficient supply of oxygen and other nutrients some of the bodies cells and inadequate elimination of other wastes resulting form inadequate circulation of blood
The __ is composed of nerves outside the spinal chord and brain
peripheral nervous system
Main outer portion of brain
cerebrum
The system producing hormones
endocrine system
__ stores bile
gall bladder
The urinary system is also called the
renal system
The urinary system is also called the
renal system
An airway that is not obstructed
patent airway
word for vocal chord spasm
laryngeal spasm
Boyles law looks at relationship between
gas pressure and volume
The ability of the chest wall and lungs to stretch, distend and expand
compliance
amount of air moved in and out of lungs in a minute
minute ventilation (aka minute volume)
Receptors that monitor oxygen PH, and CO2 levels in blood
chemoreceptors
low level of oxygen condition
hypoxia
hyper- meaning
above/in excess
hypo- meaning
below/under
resistance in the aorta that must be overcome by contraction of left ventrical to eject blood
afterload
flow of blood through smallest blood vessels
microcirculation
__ blood pressure is a measure of cardiac output
systolic
diastolic bp is a measure of systemic vascular resistance
diastolic bp
stretch sensitive receptors that can detect changes in blood pressure
baroreceptors
baro- meaning
pressure
soft spots on skull allowing head to be compressed in babies
fontanelles
Hg pressure refers to
inches of mercury
Children age 6-11 typically have heart rates of
75-118 bpm
Children age 6-11 typically have blood pressure of
97-115 mmHg
Early adulthood is what age
20-40
early adult heart rate average
70 bpm
Early adult resp rate
12-20 bpm
Early adult average bP
120/80 mmHg
Early adult normal temperature
98.6
Cold clammy skin, increased respiratory rate and shortness of breath are symptoms of mild
hypoxia
breathing involving high-pitched sound
stridor
Respiratory rates less than __ or greater than __ are concerning (adult)
10;26
femoral artery pulse location
crease between lower abdomen and upper thigh (groin)
what are the central pulses
carotid and femoral
radial artery location
proximal to the thumb on the palmar surface of the wrist
Heart rate above 100 bpm (adult)
tachycardia
Heart rate below 60 in adult
bradycardia
clammy skin is
wet and cool
__large pupils
dilated
__ is small pulil
constricted
The acronym for cardiac arrest is __ and for patients without cardiac arrest __
CAB (compression airway, breathing); ABC (airway, breathing, cirulation)
