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Firefighting > EMT Chapter 7 Anatomy & Physiology. > Flashcards

EMT Chapter 7 Anatomy & Physiology. Flashcards

1
Q

What is the .default anatomical position?

A

Patient standing erect, .facing forwards with arms down at sides and palms forward

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2
Q

Supine position

A

lying face up on back

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3
Q

Prone position

A

face down on stomach

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4
Q

What is recovery position

A

lying on side

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5
Q

Lying on side is formally called

A

lateral recumbent position

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6
Q

Patents should be positioned on side to allow

A

easy monitoring of their airway

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7
Q

Patients on their side should be flipped after

A

30 minutes

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8
Q

Why flip patients on their side

A

To avoid possible injury from impaired blood flow to lower arm

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9
Q

Fowler’s position

A

Patient is lying on back with upper body elevated from 45-60 degree angle

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10
Q

Semi-Fowler’s position

A

Patient is lying on back with body elevated at an angle less than 45

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11
Q

Trendelenburg position

A

Patient lying on back with legs elevated higher than head

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12
Q

Which position is no longer used and why?

A

Trendelenburg; because abdominal organs can push against diaphragm from gravity, making breathing more difficult; also it may increase pressure on skull (in patients with head injury

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12
Q

Which position is no longer used and why?

A

Trendelenburg; because abdominal organs can push against diaphragm from gravity, making breathing more difficult; also it may increase pressure on skull (in patients with head injury

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13
Q

Which position is no longer used and why?

A

Trendelenburg; because abdominal organs can push against diaphragm from gravity, making breathing more difficult; also it may increase pressure on skull (in patients with head injury

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14
Q

Shock position

A

Only the feet and legs are elevated (12 inches)

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15
Q

What are the three planes

A

Transverse, sagittal, and frontal

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16
Q

Frontal plane divides body into

A

front and back

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17
Q

Transverse plane divides body into

A

Top and bottom (upper and lower halves)

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18
Q

Also known as axial plane

A

transverse plane

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19
Q

The sagittal plane divides body into

A

left and right

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20
Q

if the sagittal line divides body into equal parts, its known as

A

mid-sagittal line

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21
Q

Frontal plane is also known as the

A

coronal plane

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22
Q

A vertical line going from middle of armpit to ankles dividing body into front and back halves

A

Midaxillary line

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23
Q

Front half of patient

A

anterior plane

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24
Q

Back half of patient

A

posterior plane

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25
Q

Line dividing body into top and bottom from waist

A

Transverse line

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26
Q

Half of body above waist

A

superior plane

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27
Q

Half of body below waist

A

inferior plane

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28
Q

Word meaning toward front

A

anterior

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29
Q

Word meaning toward head

A

superior

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30
Q

Word meaning toward feet or below

A

inferior

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31
Q

Word meaning toward back (or backbone)

A

Dorsal

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32
Q

Word meaning toward front or belly

A

ventral

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33
Q

Medial meaning

A

Towards mid-line or center of body

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34
Q

lateral meaning

A

to the left or right of midline

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35
Q

word meaning near point of reference

A

proximal

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36
Q

Word meaning far from point of reference

A

distal

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37
Q

plantar meaning

A

sole of the foot

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38
Q

palmar meanign

A

palm of the hand

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39
Q

Tendon vs ligament

A

Tendons connect muscles to bones, ligaments connect bones to bones

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40
Q

Is the midline a vertical or horizontal line?

A

Vertical

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41
Q

What word means close to midline

A

Medial

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42
Q

What means away from midline?

A

Lateral

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43
Q

The ankle is __ to the knee but __ to the foot

A

Distal; proximal (further from body than knee but closer to body than foot)

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44
Q

What is flexion

A

Bending of a join

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45
Q

What is extension of a joint?

A

Straightening

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46
Q

Adduction vs. abduction

A

Adduction is movement towards body (midline), abduction is moving away from the body

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47
Q

The abdominal region is divided into

A

Quadrants (upper/lower; left/right)

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48
Q

What separates chest cavity from abdominal cavity?

A

Diaphragm

49
Q

What is space behind abdominal cavity?

A

Retroperitoneal space (where kidney is)

50
Q

How many neck bones allow a lot of movement

A

2 (the top 2)

51
Q

The thoracic spine has what attached to it?

A

Rib bones

52
Q

Organs that filter blood

A

Kidneys, spleen and liver

53
Q

When injured, organs that are

A

Solid bleed, hollow rupture

54
Q

What does pancreas do?

A

Produce hormones including insulin and pancreatic juice that neutralizes stomach acid and a further break down food

55
Q

What does gall bladder do?

A

Stores bile and releases into small intestine; helps breakdown food further

56
Q

Purpose of small intestine

A

Absorb nutrients and food

57
Q

What does large intestine do?

A

Absorbs water and turns what’s left into feces

58
Q

Quadrant location of stomach

A

Primarily upper left

59
Q

Location of liver

A

Primarily upper right

60
Q

Location of spleen

A

Upper leaft

61
Q

Location of gallbladder

A

Upper right

62
Q

Location of pancreas (mostly)

A

Upper left

63
Q

Function of spleen

A

Filter blood mostly for bacteria, help with immune system

64
Q

Is spleen solid or hollow?

A

Solid

65
Q

Function of kidney

A

Filter blood, form urine, regulate water and electrolytes, blood pressure

66
Q

The pelvis contains what organ s

A

Reproductive organs and bladder

67
Q

Biceps/Triceps which pulls?

A

Bicep

68
Q

Do triceps to flexion or extension?

A

Extension

69
Q

The arm bone connected to shoulders

A

Humerus

70
Q

The larger of the two forearm bones

A

Radius

71
Q

The smaller of two forearm bones

A

Ulna

72
Q

The middle hand bones

A

Metacarpal

73
Q

The wrist bones

A

Carpal bones

74
Q

Main bone of thigh

A

femur

75
Q

Way to remember adduction vs abduction

A

Abduction is like kidnapping (taking away) (adduction is adding back)

76
Q

What’s the opposite of extension

A

Flexion

77
Q

What is adduction/abduction

A

Abduction is movement away from midline, adduction is moving towards midline

78
Q

Knee cap bone

A

patella

79
Q

Shine bone

A

tibia

80
Q

lower leg bone (adjacent to shin)

A

fibula

81
Q

What are the toe bones?

A

Phalanges

82
Q

What are the middle part of the foot bones

A

metatarsals

83
Q

What are the bones of hindfoot called

A

tarsals

84
Q

What are carpal bones

A

Bones that create the wrist

85
Q

What are tarsal bones

A

Bones of the back of the foot

86
Q

What are the metacarpal bones?

A

Bones of the middle part of the hand

87
Q

How to remember tarsal vs. carpal?

A

C comes before T in alphabet, hand before feet (carpal bones are in the hand)

88
Q

Instructor: What are the types of joints?

A

Ball and socket and hinge

89
Q

Types of muscles

A

skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

90
Q

Cardiac does not tolerate interruption in

A

perfusion

91
Q

___ muscle has its own electrical system

A

cardiac

92
Q

___ muscle cells have ability to

A

self-excite

93
Q

Perfusion is

A

delivery of oxygen to tissues (out of capillary bed and into tissues)

94
Q

Capillary bed is a network of capillaries that

A

supplies an organ

95
Q

The neck bones are called the

A

cervical spine

96
Q

The Upper back bones are called the

A

thoracic spine

97
Q

The lower back bones

A

lumbar spine

98
Q

Abdominal organs on the left side (my right)

A

spleen & stomach

99
Q

Abdominal organs on the right side (my left)

A

liver, gallbladder, & pancreas

100
Q

Jaw bones

A

maxillae - upper jaw; mandible is lower jaw

101
Q

What are zygomatic bones

A

cheeckbones

102
Q

What is circumduction

A

Combination of flexion, extension, abduction and adduction

103
Q

What is a muscle that does circumduction

A

shoulder

104
Q

Which type of muscle is voluntary

A

skeletal

105
Q

Pronation

A

turning forearm so palm is turned towards the back

106
Q

supination

A

turning the forearm so palm is turned towards front

107
Q

What is respiration?

A

intake of oxygen/release of C02 (across membranes of body)

108
Q

Oxygenation is a form of ___ in which oxygen molecules move from

A

respiration; area of high oxygen concentration to low concentration

109
Q

The mouth is part of the __ airway

A

upper

110
Q

The trachea is part of the ___ airway

A

lower

111
Q

Lowest part of upper airway

A

larynx

112
Q

Nare is another word for

A

nostril

113
Q

Ventilation is the

A

mechanical process by which air is moved in and out of the lungs

114
Q

Respiratory system also assists in regulation of the balance of

A

acid and base elements in the body

115
Q

Acid or Base level increases cause respiration to increase

A

acid

116
Q

Proximal means

A

toward trunk of body

117
Q

What are the 5 vital signs we check

A

respiration (breathing rate) pule, temperature, blood pressure and pupils

118
Q

What is true of victims in critical condition?

A

They are receiving CPR, are in respiratory arrest (not breathing) or are needing (life saving) ventilation/circulation support

119
Q

Unstable patients are

A

unresponsive to external stimuli or responsive but unable to obey commands

120
Q

Potentially unstable patients examples include

A

shock, uncontrolled bleeding or severe pain

Firefighting (6 decks)

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