EMT Chp. 10

Question 1

Symptom

Answer 1

Subjective condition that the patient feels and tells you about

Question 2

Sign:

Answer 2

:Objective condition that you can observe or measure

Question 3

Define scene size-up:

Answer 3

An evaluation of the conditions in which you will be operating

Question 4

Explain situational awareness:

Answer 4

Paying attention to the conditions and people around you at all times and the potential risks those conditions or people pose.

Question 5

If a scene is not safe what should you do?

Answer 5

Ask yourself what can you do to make it safe or call for additional resources.

Question 6

What should you do if you are on a scene and notice a weapon such as a handgun or knife?

Answer 6

If not secured make sure you place yourself between the patient and the potential danger

Question 7

What is the best way to determine if a patient has a medical problem or a trauma MOI?

Answer 7

The Chief Complaint

Question 8

When should you take standard precautions during a call?

Answer 8

Before actual patient contact often before you step out of your response vehicle

Question 9

What questions should be asked to determine if you require additional resources?

Question 10

Does the scene pose a threat to you

Answer 10

your patient or others?

Question 11

How many patients are there?

Question 12

Do we have the resources to respond to their conditions?

Question 13

What is the goal of the primary assessment? To identify and begin treatment of immediate or imminent life threats.

Question 14

When approaching a patient with injuries to form a general impression

Answer 14

why is it important to make sure the patient sees you coming? (page 351) To avoid surprising the patient or causing the patient to turn to see you

Question 15

What is the AVPU scale used for?

Question 16

It tests a patient’s responsiveness and LOC.

Question 17

Explain each component:

Question 18

A Awake and Alert (eyes open as your approach

Answer 18

follows commands

Question 19

V Responsive to verbal stimuli (Not alert and awake

Answer 19

eyes do not open

Question 20

P Responsive to pain (Doesn’t respond to questions but moves or cries out of response to painful stimuli.)

Question 21

U Unresponsive (Patient doesn’t respond to verbal or painful stimuli)

Question 22

What are some causes of altered mental status? (page 353) Ongoing illness

Answer 22

history of stroke

Question 23

Define altered mental status: Any deviation from alert and oriented to person

Answer 23

place

Question 24

After determining the level of consciousness in a patient

Answer 24

the priorities of care should then focus on (page 354). Identify and correct life threatening issues with ABC

Question 25

What are the exceptions to the order of treating airway

Answer 25

breathing

Question 26

When the patient has a life threatening bleeding.

Question 27

Be familiar with the information in Table 10-1 on page 354.

Question 28

Indications for Spinal Immobilization

Question 29

Either blunt or penetrating trauma with any of the following:

Question 30

Pain or tenderness on palpation of the neck or spine

Question 31

Patient report of pain in neck or back

Question 32

Paralysis or neurologic complaint (numbness

Answer 32

tingling

Question 33

Blunt trauma with any of the following:

Question 34

Altered mental status

Question 35

Intoxication (alcohol or drugs)

Question 36

Difficulty or inability to communicate

Question 37

What is a sign of an airway obstruction in a conscious patient? A patient who cannot speak or cry.

Question 38

When a patient has secretions

Answer 38

vomitus

Question 39

What are the signs of airway obstruction in an unconscious patient?

Question 40

Obvious trauma

Answer 40

blood

Question 41

Noisy breathing

Answer 41

such as snoring

Question 42

Extremely shallow or absent breathing

Question 43

What is the goal for oxygen saturation for most patients? ____94___%

Question 44

When should positive-pressure ventilations be used on a patient?

Question 45

When a patient who is not breathing or whose breathing is too slow or too shallow.

Question 46

What are signs of breathing difficulty in patients? (page 356)

Question 47

Shallow Respirations

Question 48

The presence of retractions

Question 49

Use of Accessory Muscles

Question 50

Nasal Flaring and seesaw breathing

Question 51

Two to three dyspnea

Question 52

Labored breathing

Question 53

Tripod Position

Question 54

Explain tripod position: A patient is sitting and leaning forward on outstretched arms with the head and chin thrust slightly forward.

Question 55

What are some signs of labored breathing in infants and small children?

Question 56

Nasal flaring and seesaw breathing in pediatric patients indicate inadequate breathing

Question 57

Tripod position

Question 58

Know the signs of respiratory distress and failure in Table 10-2 on page 357.

Question 59

Signs of Respiratory Distress and Failure

Question 60

Respiratory Distress

Question 61

Respiratory Failure

Question 62

Agitation

Answer 62

Anxiety

Question 63

Lethargy

Answer 63

difficult to rouse

Question 64

Stridor

Answer 64

Wheezing

Question 65

Tachypnea with periods of bradypnea or agonal respirations

Question 66

Accessory muscle use;intercostal retractions

Answer 66

neck muscles use (Sternomastoid)

Question 67

Inadequate chest rise/poor excursion

Question 68

Tachypnea

Question 69

Inadequate respiratory rate or effort

Question 70

Mild Tachycardia

Question 71

Bradycardia

Question 72

Nasal flaring

Answer 72

seesaw breathing

Question 73

Diminished muscle tone

Question 74

The first step in evaluating any patient is to rapidly scan for

Answer 74

identify

Question 75

Define pulse: The pressure wave that occurs as ach heartbeats causes a surge in the blood circulating through the arteries

Question 76

Define palpate: Feel the pulse. Hold together your fingertips over a pulse point. Press gently against the artery until you feel intermittent pulsations.

Question 77

What should you do if you cannot palpate a carotid pulse in an unconscious patient? Begin CPR and an AED.

Question 78

What should you do if a patient has a pulse but is not breathing? Provide ventilations at a rate of 10 to 12 breaths a minute for adults and 12 to 20 breaths a minute for an infant or child.

Question 79

What should you do if the patient becomes pulseless? Start CPR and apply an AED.

Question 80

Circulation is evaluated by assessing:

Question 81

1.Skin Condition

Question 82

2. Skin Color

Question 83

3. Skin Temperature

Question 84

4.Skin Moisture

Question 85

Where should changes in skin color be apparent in patients with deeply pigmented skin? Fingernail beds

Answer 85

the mucous membranes in the mouth

Question 86

Define cyanosis: Insufficient air exchange and low levels of oxygen in the blood

Answer 86

the blood vessels appear blue.

Question 87

Define diaphoretic: When the skin is bathed in sweat

Answer 87

such as after strenuous exercise or when the patient is in shock.

Question 88

How can the condition/moisture of the skin be described? (page 360)

Question 89

First describe the color

Answer 89

then the temperature

Question 90

Normal skin condition should be described as: Pink

Answer 90

Warm

Question 91

How fast should capillary refill be restored to normal pink color in the fingernail beds be restored in infants and children?

Question 92

2 seconds

Question 93

How should CRT be documented?

Question 94

CRT >2 (Delayed)

Question 95

What is the simplest way of controlling external bleeding?

Question 96

Direct pressure with your gloved hand and soon thereafter a sterile bandage over the wound will control bleeding in most cases.

Question 97

What is the purpose of the rapid head-to-toe exam following the primary assessment?

Question 98

Be familiar with the steps in Skill Drill 10-1 on page 362-363.

Question 99

Head

Question 100

Neck

Question 101

Chest

Question 102

Abdomen

Question 103

Pelvis

Question 104

All four extremities

Question 105

Back and Buttocks

Question 106

What conditions are considered examples of high-priority patients requiring immediate transport?

Question 107

Unresponsive

Question 108

Difficulty breathing

Question 109

Uncontrolled bleeding

Question 110

Altered LOC

Question 111

Severe Chest Pain

Question 112

Pale skin or other signs of poor perfusion

Question 113

Complicated childbirth

Question 114

Severe pain in any area of the body.

Question 115

When does the Golden Hour begin and end?

Question 116

Time the injury to definitive care

Question 117

How often should unstable patients be reassessed?Every 5 minutes

Question 118

How often should stable patients be reassessed?

Question 119

Every 15 minutes

Question 120

Explain history taking: Provides details about the patient’s chief complaint and an account of the patient’s signs and symptoms.

Question 121

Date of incident

Question 122

Patient’s age

Question 123

Patient’s sex

Question 124

Patient’s race

Question 125

Past medical history any pertinent information.

Question 126

Patient’s current health status

Question 127

When investigating the chief complaint

Answer 127

begin by: making introductions (make patient feel comfortable)

Question 128

How can you gain information about an unconscious patient’s medical history?

Question 129

Observable signs

Answer 129

and original dispatch. Family members that are present

Question 130

What questions should you ask for each component of SAMPLE history?

Question 131

S: Signs and Symptoms (What signs and symptoms happened at onset of incident?)

Question 132

A: Allergies (Any food or medications?)

Question 133

M: Medications (Prescribed? OTC? Taken the last 12 hours?)

Question 134

P: Pertinent past medical history (History of medical

Answer 134

surgical

Question 135

L: Last oral intake (What did you last eat

Answer 135

and when?)

Question 136

E: Events leading up to the injury or illness (What was the patient doing when the illness started?)

Question 137

Explain what each component of OPQRST means:

Question 138

O: Onset - what were you doing when symptoms began?

Question 139

P: Provocation/Palliation- What makes symptoms better or worse?

Question 140

Q: Quality- What does it feel like? Crushing

Answer 140

dull

Question 141

R: Region/Radiation- Does it move anywhere?

Question 142

S: Severity- On a scale from 1-10

Question 143

T: Timing- When did it start?

Question 144

Explain what a pertinent negative is:

Question 145

Signs and symptoms the patient does not have

Answer 145

are important negatives.

Question 146

How do you prioritize a patient’s complaints when they present with multiple symptoms?

Question 147

Prioritize the patient’s complaint as you would with triage; start with the most serious and end with the least serious.

Question 148

Give an example of a situation where you may not have time to perform a secondary assessment:

Question 149

If you have to continually mage life threats that were identified during the primary assessment. Ex: CPR

Question 150

What is the purpose of the secondary assessment?

Question 151

Perform a systematic physical examination of the patient.

Question 152

Explain auscultation (page 378) The sound to the flow of blood against the brachial artery as you release the pressure in the blood pressure cuff.

Question 153

What types of patients should a systematic head-to-toe assessment be performed on? (page 378)

Question 154

Significant MOI

Answer 154

is unconscious

Question 155

What are the ears assessed for in the secondary assessment? Bruising behind the ears (Battle Sign

Question 156

Define stridor and what it indicates:

Question 157

A brassy crowing sound prominent on inspiration

Answer 157

suggests a partially occluded upper airway caused by swelling.

Question 158

High pitched crowing indicates an upper airway obstruction from a foreign body.

Question 159

What is the normal resting pulse rate for an adult?

Question 160

60-100 beats/minute

Question 161

What is the best way to assess the quality of air movement in the lungs? Listen to breath sounds on each side of your patient’s chest.

Question 162

Blood pressure by palpation measures the ______systolic______ blood pressure.

Question 163

Explain how to accurately measure blood pressure by palpation:

Question 164

Inflate the cuff rapidly to 70 mmHg

Answer 164

and increase by 10 mm Hg increments while palpating the radial pulse.

Question 165

Be familiar with the Characteristics of Respirations in Table 10-5 on page 387.

Question 166

Normal: Breathing is neither shallow nor deep; it appears effortless. Equal chest rise and fall. No use of accessory muscles.

Question 167

Shallow: Decreased chest or abdominal wall motion

Question 168

Labored:Increased breathing effort. Use of accessory muscles. Possible gasping. Nasal flaring

Answer 168

supraclavicular and intercostal retractions in infants and children

Question 169

Noisy: Increase in sound of breathing

Answer 169

including snoring

Question 170

What does systolic blood pressure measure?

Question 171

The increased pressure that is caused along the artery with each contraction (systole) of the ventricles and the pulse wave that it produces.

Question 172

What does diastolic blood pressure measure?

Question 173

The residual pressure that remains in the arteries during the relaxing phase of the heart’s cycle. When the left ventricle is at rest.

Question 174

Evaluate if the pupils reach in any of the following ways:

Question 175

Become fixed (either dilated or constricted)

Question 176

Dilate with introduction of bright light and constrict when the light is removed

Question 177

React sluggishly instead of briskly

Question 178

Become unequal in size

Question 179

Become unequal in size when a bright light is introduced into or removed from one eye.

Question 180

What are some of the causes of depressed brain function?

Question 181

Injury of the brain or brainstem

Question 182

Trauma or stroke

Question 183

Brain tumor

Question 184

Inadequate oxygenation or perfusion

Question 185

Drugs or toxins (CNS or depressants)

Question 186

What does jugular vein distention indicate? A problem with blood returning to the heart.

Question 187

At what angle should the patient be sitting to evaluate the jugular veins? Sitting up

Question 188

What does pulse oximetry evaluate? The effectiveness of oxygenation

Question 189

What does capnography measure? A patient’s ventilation

Answer 189

circulation

Question 190

The effectiveness of breathing treatments.

Question 191

What is a way of gaining valuable information in a patient with an altered mental status? (page 402)

Question 192

Measuring blood glucose level of a patient.

Question 193

What are the steps of patient reassessment?

Question 194

Reassess Vital Signs

Question 195

Reassess the Chief Complaint

Question 196

Recheck Interventions

Question 197

Identify and Treat Changes in the Patient’s Condition

Question 198

Reassess Patient