emt ch 10 Flashcards
if a patient is unconscious your going to lay them on what side of the body?
left side because the right has more pressure and your heart
this is an active process?
inhalation
during inhalation what type of pressure enters the body
negative
this is a passive process?
exhalation
during exhalation what type of pressure enters the chest
positive
during exhalation your muscles do what?
relax
air moved in ventilation not reaching the alveoli?
dead air space
dead air space will always be?
150cc
air actually reaching the alveoli?
alveolar ventilation
movement of gases from a high to low an equal balance of both sides?
diffusion
diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and circulating blood?
external respiration
exchange of gases between blood and cells?
internal respiration ( cellular)
oxygen from blood is diffused to ____
the cells
carbon dioxide is diffused from the cell to ___
the blood
this is an example of gas exchange being disrupted and breathing being disrupted
respiratory failure
during this you have no hemoglobin and not enough blood?
respiratory failure
when evaluating respiration you are seeing of the patient is____
breathing adequately
low oxygen in the cells?
hypoxia
for a person to be breathing adequately they must____ and _______
1.) have enough oxygen to the body and cells 2.) carbon dioxide must be continuously removed
high carbon dioxide levels?
hypercapnea
compensation for hypoxia and hypercapnia are predictable during?
respiratory compensation
signs of respiratory compensation are?
shortness of breath, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate and depth
early steps of ____ can meet the needs of the body despite respiratory challenge?
compensation
during _____ the body is compensating but the mental status is still good?
respiratory distress
during __ your getting enough oxygen to the brain and your system is able to meet the metabolic needs?
respiratory distress
in what state of respiration is your mental status still good and your body is able to compensated?
respiratory distress
in this respiratory state your still breathing adequately
respiratory distress
during ____ you have a normal skin color, shortness of breath, normal oxygen saturation, increased heart rate, and accessory muscles use and position changes
respiratory distress
during ___ compensation is no longer working?
respiratory failure
in this state of respiration you have inadequate breathing and this can lead to respiratory arrest?
respiratory failure
during this state you have an altered mental status, spike in rate and depth, breath more shallow, poor oxygen and poor removal of carbon dioxide?
respiratory failure
in this state of respiration you have failed oxygen and failed removal of carbon dioxide you also have cyanosis?
respiratory failure
signs of decompensation are?
1.) no or poor air movement 2.) diminished or absent breath sounds 3.) rate of breathing too rapid , too slow, or irregular 4.) patient is unable to speak 5.) unusual noises such as( wheezing, stridor, snoring, gurgling, gasping and crowing) 6.) FTD fixing to die
major causes of hypoxia are?
1.)a patient trapped in a fire 2.) patient that has emphysema 3.) patient that has a heart attack 4.) a patient that overdoses on a drug
if someone is breathing inadequately you should provide ____ to the non breathing patient and the patient thats breathing inadequately
artificial ventilation
if a patient is breathing on their own you can provide _____
supplemental oxygen
if someones breathing on their own you can put them on a ____
non breather mask
adequate breathing means what 2 things are normal
the rate and volume of the breaths
what determines if you need to bag someone?
their mental status
signs that let you know you need to intervene in a breathing patient?
1.) their mental status changes 2.) cyanosis 3.) signs of respiratory failure 4.) slow or irregular respirations
forcing air into someones lungs when they have stopped breathing or they have inadequate breathing?
positive pressure ventilation
this uses force exactly opposite of how the body normally draws air into the lungs?
positive pressure ventilation
the negative side effects of positive ventilation are
1.) decreasing cardiac output / dropping the blood pressure 2.) gastric distention/ air in the stomach that pushs on the heart and leads to vomiting 3.) hyperventilation/ over ventilating the patient this could kill them because the heart can’t pump right and the lungs don’t dilate
you need to ventilate how often?
about 10 times every 7/8 secs
during positive ventilation you never ventilate a patient who is _____
vomiting or has vomit in the airway
during positive ventilation its important to watch _____ because this means they have enough oxygen
their chest rise and fall
when your ventilating a patient sitting up you need to give breaths every time the patient _____
inhales
the air given to a patient sitting up through a mask will be both what?
positive and negative air
when ventilating a ____ patient it is impotent to let them know whats going on
conscious
a patient has to be conscious and able to follow direction when using a ______
CPAP
this is when continuos positive pressure is flowing all the time at a set pressure?
CPAP
this type of mask keeps the alveoli open?
CPAP
this is biphasic positive airway pressure?
BIPAP
this type of mask has 2 levels of pressure 1 for inhalation and 1 for exhalation?
BIPAP
according to the american heart association the ____ mask is the best way to ventilate a patient?
pocket face mask
the _____ mask is good because you can’t over ventilate your patient and your not going to over inflate the stomach
pocket face mask
this is a hand held device, its used to ventilate non breathing patients and patients in respiratory failure?
bag-valve mask
this type of mask has a self refilling shell that is easily cleaned and sterilized?
bag valve mask
this mask has a non jam valve that allows an oxygen inlet to flow at 15 lmp
bag valve mask
these masks have non breathing valves on all of them that prevents air from coming back out?
bag valve mask
the 2nd best ventilation according to the american heart association is the _____
2 rescuer bvm ventilation
during the 2 rescuer bvm ventilation one person ___ while person ___
holds the mask, while one bags
the worse part of the bvm ventilation is the ability to ___
maintain a mask seal
when ventilating a person with a stoma you need to do what with their head and neck ?
leave them in a neutral position
sometimes you may need to use a _____ mask while sealing around a stoma
pediatric
always clear mucus plugs or secretions from a ____
stoma
when ventilating a stoma its important to ventilate at an appropriate rate for the patients ____
age
if unable to ventilate through a stoma seal the stoma and attempt ventilation through the____, or _____
mouth or nose
the amount of air moved in one breath cycle is?
tidal volume
a normal tidal volume is typically______
5-7 ml
the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs per minute is ?
minute volume
when you multiply the respiratory rate by the tidal volume you get _____
minute volume
moving air to and from the alveoli for gas exchange is ?
ventilation
oxygen and carbon dioxide are only exchanged in the bloodstream where?
in the alveoli
what brings circulating blood to the outside of the alveoli?
pulmonary capillaries
the thin walls of the alveoli and the walls of the capillaries allow oxygen from the air in the alveoli to move ____ to circulate the body
blood
the respiratory system must work with the ___ system for respiration to work
cardiovascular
