emt ch 10 Flashcards
1
Q
if a patient is unconscious your going to lay them on what side of the body?
A
left side because the right has more pressure and your heart
2
Q
this is an active process?
A
inhalation
3
Q
during inhalation what type of pressure enters the body
A
negative
4
Q
this is a passive process?
A
exhalation
5
Q
during exhalation what type of pressure enters the chest
A
positive
6
Q
during exhalation your muscles do what?
A
relax
7
Q
air moved in ventilation not reaching the alveoli?
A
dead air space
8
Q
dead air space will always be?
A
150cc
9
Q
air actually reaching the alveoli?
A
alveolar ventilation
10
Q
movement of gases from a high to low an equal balance of both sides?
A
diffusion
11
Q
diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and circulating blood?
A
external respiration
12
Q
exchange of gases between blood and cells?
A
internal respiration ( cellular)
13
Q
oxygen from blood is diffused to ____
A
the cells
14
Q
carbon dioxide is diffused from the cell to ___
A
the blood
15
Q
this is an example of gas exchange being disrupted and breathing being disrupted
A
respiratory failure
16
Q
during this you have no hemoglobin and not enough blood?
A
respiratory failure
17
Q
when evaluating respiration you are seeing of the patient is____
A
breathing adequately
18
Q
low oxygen in the cells?
A
hypoxia
19
Q
for a person to be breathing adequately they must____ and _______
A
1.) have enough oxygen to the body and cells 2.) carbon dioxide must be continuously removed
20
Q
high carbon dioxide levels?
A
hypercapnea
21
Q
compensation for hypoxia and hypercapnia are predictable during?
A
respiratory compensation
22
Q
signs of respiratory compensation are?
A
shortness of breath, increased heart rate, increased respiratory rate and depth
23
Q
early steps of ____ can meet the needs of the body despite respiratory challenge?
A
compensation
24
Q
during _____ the body is compensating but the mental status is still good?
A
respiratory distress
25
during __ your getting enough oxygen to the brain and your system is able to meet the metabolic needs?
respiratory distress
26
in what state of respiration is your mental status still good and your body is able to compensated?
respiratory distress
27
in this respiratory state your still breathing adequately
respiratory distress
28
during ____ you have a normal skin color, shortness of breath, normal oxygen saturation, increased heart rate, and accessory muscles use and position changes
respiratory distress
29
during ___ compensation is no longer working?
respiratory failure
30
in this state of respiration you have inadequate breathing and this can lead to respiratory arrest?
respiratory failure
31
during this state you have an altered mental status, spike in rate and depth, breath more shallow, poor oxygen and poor removal of carbon dioxide?
respiratory failure
32
in this state of respiration you have failed oxygen and failed removal of carbon dioxide you also have cyanosis?
respiratory failure
33
signs of decompensation are?
1.) no or poor air movement 2.) diminished or absent breath sounds 3.) rate of breathing too rapid , too slow, or irregular 4.) patient is unable to speak 5.) unusual noises such as( wheezing, stridor, snoring, gurgling, gasping and crowing) 6.) FTD fixing to die
34
major causes of hypoxia are?
1.)a patient trapped in a fire 2.) patient that has emphysema 3.) patient that has a heart attack 4.) a patient that overdoses on a drug
35
if someone is breathing inadequately you should provide ____ to the non breathing patient and the patient thats breathing inadequately
artificial ventilation
36
if a patient is breathing on their own you can provide _____
supplemental oxygen
37
if someones breathing on their own you can put them on a ____
non breather mask
38
adequate breathing means what 2 things are normal
the rate and volume of the breaths
39
what determines if you need to bag someone?
their mental status
40
signs that let you know you need to intervene in a breathing patient?
1.) their mental status changes 2.) cyanosis 3.) signs of respiratory failure 4.) slow or irregular respirations
41
forcing air into someones lungs when they have stopped breathing or they have inadequate breathing?
positive pressure ventilation
42
this uses force exactly opposite of how the body normally draws air into the lungs?
positive pressure ventilation
43
the negative side effects of positive ventilation are
1.) decreasing cardiac output / dropping the blood pressure 2.) gastric distention/ air in the stomach that pushs on the heart and leads to vomiting 3.) hyperventilation/ over ventilating the patient this could kill them because the heart can't pump right and the lungs don't dilate
44
you need to ventilate how often?
about 10 times every 7/8 secs
45
during positive ventilation you never ventilate a patient who is _____
vomiting or has vomit in the airway
46
during positive ventilation its important to watch _____ because this means they have enough oxygen
their chest rise and fall
47
when your ventilating a patient sitting up you need to give breaths every time the patient _____
inhales
48
the air given to a patient sitting up through a mask will be both what?
positive and negative air
49
when ventilating a ____ patient it is impotent to let them know whats going on
conscious
50
a patient has to be conscious and able to follow direction when using a ______
CPAP
51
this is when continuos positive pressure is flowing all the time at a set pressure?
CPAP
52
this type of mask keeps the alveoli open?
CPAP
53
this is biphasic positive airway pressure?
BIPAP
54
this type of mask has 2 levels of pressure 1 for inhalation and 1 for exhalation?
BIPAP
55
according to the american heart association the ____ mask is the best way to ventilate a patient?
pocket face mask
56
the _____ mask is good because you can't over ventilate your patient and your not going to over inflate the stomach
pocket face mask
57
this is a hand held device, its used to ventilate non breathing patients and patients in respiratory failure?
bag-valve mask
58
this type of mask has a self refilling shell that is easily cleaned and sterilized?
bag valve mask
59
this mask has a non jam valve that allows an oxygen inlet to flow at 15 lmp
bag valve mask
60
these masks have non breathing valves on all of them that prevents air from coming back out?
bag valve mask
61
the 2nd best ventilation according to the american heart association is the _____
2 rescuer bvm ventilation
62
during the 2 rescuer bvm ventilation one person ___ while person ___
holds the mask, while one bags
63
the worse part of the bvm ventilation is the ability to ___
maintain a mask seal
64
when ventilating a person with a stoma you need to do what with their head and neck ?
leave them in a neutral position
65
sometimes you may need to use a _____ mask while sealing around a stoma
pediatric
66
always clear mucus plugs or secretions from a ____
stoma
67
when ventilating a stoma its important to ventilate at an appropriate rate for the patients ____
age
68
if unable to ventilate through a stoma seal the stoma and attempt ventilation through the____, or _____
mouth or nose
69
the amount of air moved in one breath cycle is?
tidal volume
70
a normal tidal volume is typically______
5-7 ml
71
the amount of air moved into and out of the lungs per minute is ?
minute volume
72
when you multiply the respiratory rate by the tidal volume you get _____
minute volume
73
moving air to and from the alveoli for gas exchange is ?
ventilation
74
oxygen and carbon dioxide are only exchanged in the bloodstream where?
in the alveoli
75
what brings circulating blood to the outside of the alveoli?
pulmonary capillaries
76
the thin walls of the alveoli and the walls of the capillaries allow oxygen from the air in the alveoli to move ____ to circulate the body
blood
77
the respiratory system must work with the ___ system for respiration to work
cardiovascular
78
when the respiratory and cardiovascular system work together this is called the _____ system
cardiopulmonary
79
what diseases can cause a patient to lose nervous control of respiration?
myasthenia gravis and multiple sclerosis
80
what are some diseases that can cause bronchoconstriction?
asthma and copd,
81
what diseases can cause diffusion problems?
heart failure and copd
82
when oxygenated blood and air reach the alveoli but the alveoli themselves are not working this is a sign of what kind of problem?
diffusion problems
83
the oxygen binding protein in blood is?
hemoglobin
84
what disease affects the hemoglobin in the blood?
anemia
85
the body will tolerate high levels of _____ for longer periods of time rather than hypoxia
carbon dioxide
86
_____ detect increasing levels of carbon dioxide as well as low levels of oxygen
chemoreceptors
87
what system will increase the heart rate in an attempt to move more blood and will constrict blood vessels which aid in the movement of blood?
sympathetic nervous system
88
the diffusion of oxygen and carbon dioxide between alveoli and the blood. also used to mean,simply,breathing
respiration
89
increased work of breathing a sensation of shortness of breath?
respiratory distress
90
the reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life
respiratory failure
91
when breathing completely stops?
respiratory arrest
92
when either the rate or depth of breathing fails outside the normal range?
inadequate breathing
93
when a patient is breathing adequately but needs supplemental oxygen due to a trauma medical condition
adequate breathing
94
someone breathing adequately can be placed on a ___ mask or a ____
non breather mask or a nasal cannula
95
when someones skin is the normal color, air moves freely in and out of the chest, oxygen saturation is normal, no abnormal breathing sounds, and rate and depth are adequate this means that the patients has____
adequate breathing
96
when a patient is moving some air in and out but it is slow or shallow and not enough to live?
inadequate breathing or respiratory failure
97
when the patient has some breathing but not enough to live, rate and depth are outside the normal limits, absent breathing sounds, cyanosis skin color, oxygen saturation is low, crowing, stridor, snoring etc. this is a sign of ____
inadequate breathing or respiratory failure
98
when a patient is in___ or has _____ you would use a pocket mask, bag valve mask, or a FROPVD mask?
respiratory failure or has inadequate breathing
99
a _______ mask requires adequate breathing it does not provide ventilation to a patient who is not breathing or has inadequate breathing
non breather mask
100
these are signs of _______ no chest rise, no evidence of air being moved, no breath sounds, no oxygen saturation
respiratory arrest
101
no breathing at all?
respiratory arrest
102
do not use oxygen powered ventilation devices on _______ and ______
infants and children
103
we would use a pocket face mask, bag valve mask, fropvd or atv at 10-12 mins for an adult and 20 min for a child during ____
respiratory arrest
104
_______ usually involves accessory muscle use and increased work of breathing?
respiratory distress
105
someone that has adequate breathing we would use a _____ mask and a ______ on them
nonrebreather mask and nasal cannula
106
when someone has ______ they will speak full sentences and be alert and calm
adequate breathing
107
when someone has ______ they will be visibly short of breath and speak only 3-4 words sentences and they will have increased anxiety
increasing respiratory distress
108
someone that has increasing respiratory distress we would use a _____ mask and a _____ on them
non rebreather mask and a nasal cannula
109
this would be a sign of what? speaking for only 1-2 word sentences, very diaphoretic, severe anxiety
severe respiratory distress
110
we use a pocket mask, a oxygen powered ventilation device, or a bvm mask with someone that had_____
severe respiratory distress
111
we would assist the patients own ventilations adjusting the rate for rapid or slow breathing during_____
severe respiratory distress
112
this is when no breathing is occurring?
respiratory arrest
113
we would use a pocket face mask, bvm, or a oxygen powered device and assist ventilations at 10-12 mins for an adult and 20 for a child or infant during _____
respiratory arrest
114
2 questions to ask during the primary assessment of breathing are?
1.) is the patient breathing 2.) is his breathing adequate
115
you can determine if someone is breathing by them simply saying _____
hello
116
signs of adequate breathing are
chest rising and falling equally on both sides, listen for breaths clear of noises, feel for air coming out of the mouth and nose, normal skin color, the correct rate depth and volume of breaths
117
the normal breathing rate for an adult is?
12-20 per min with breath sounds equal and present
118
the normal breathing rate for a child is?
15-30 per min with equal and adequate chest expansion
119
the normal breathing rate for an infant is?
25-30 per min with minimum effort
120
the normal rhythm of breathing should be____ and the normal depth should be ____
regular and adequate
121
signs of inadequate breathing are?
no chest movement, limited abdominal movement, no air can be felt, breath sounds are absent, noises such as snoring, stridor etc. rate of breathing is too rapid are too slow, shallow breathing, cyanosis skin color, patient unable to speak, inspirations are expirations are prolonged, nasal flaring, low oxygen saturation
122
a blue or gray color resulting from lack of oxygen in the body?
cyanosis
123
in respiratory distress you have __ breathing
adequate
124
during___ your mental status is sometimes agitated or anxious
respiratory distress
125
you might be pale or normal due to vasoconstriction during_____
respiratory distress
126
you might be blue or pale (blotchy) during ____ state of respiration
respiratory failure
127
your typically unconscious during this respiratory state?
respiratory arrest
128
you have a altered mental status during this state of respiration?
respiratory failure
129
a lung disease that decreases the efficiency of the transfer of oxygen between the atmosphere and the body?
emphysema
130
2 more things that can cause hypoxia are?
stroke and shock
131
someone that has cyanosis, restlessness, confusion, and deteriorate mental status may have?
hypoxia
132
provide _____ to the non breathing patient and patient with inadequate breathing
artificial ventilation
133
provide___ to the breathing patient
supplemental oxygen
134
a device usually with a one way valve to aid in artificial ventilation. A rescuer breathes through the valve when the mask is placed over the patients face. It also acts as a barrier to prevent contact with a patients body fluids.
pocket face mask
135
a mouth to mouth ventilation is the same thing as a _____
pocket face mask
136
a pocket face mask can deliver up to __% of oxygen when attached to oxygen
50
137
when not attached to oxygen a pocket face mask delivered _____ % of oxygen
16
138
when using a bag valve mask in a patient without a spine injury you need to insert a _____ or a _____
NPA or a OPA
139
when using a bag valve mask in a patient with a spine injury use the jaw thrust maneuver and insert a ___ if no gag reflex
OPA
140
bvm's not attached to the reservoir will deliver about ___ % of oxygen
50
141
bvm's attached to the reservoir will deliver about ____ % of oxygen
100
142
during a 2 rescuer bmv ventilation on someone without trauma the 2nd rescuer should squeeze the bag once every _ secs for an adult and once every ___ secs for a child or infant
5,3
143
if the bvm is used during cpr the bag should be squeezed once each time a ____is to be delivered
ventilation
144
a permanent surgical opening in the neck through which the patient breathes?
stoma
145
if someone has a stoma they can use a____to be ventilated
bvm
146
a device that uses oxygen under pressure to deliver ventilations.Its trigger is placed so the rescuer can operate it while still using both hands to maintain a seal on the face mask
FROPVD
147
this has a peak flow rate of 100% oxygen at up to 40 lpm
FROPVD
148
when using a FROPVD if the person has a neck injury use a ___ or head blocks on the patient
collar
149
the FROPVD should only be used on ____
adults
150
a device that provides positive pressure ventilations it includes settings designed to adjust ventilation rate and volume it is portable and easy to carry
ATV
151
may be used be an emt to provide positive pressure ventilations to a patient in respiratory arrest
ATV
152
the atmosphere provides about_____ % of oxygen
21
153
always ___ rather than oxygenate patients in respiratory failure or arrest
ventilate
154
trauma patients should receive high concentrations of oxygen if they have?
hypoperfusion, hypoxia and respiratory distress
155
a cylinder filled with oxygen under pressure
oxygen cylinder
156
oxygen cylinders should be place in a ___ position or upright for safety
horizontal
157
an oxygen cylinder can hold _____ pounds per square inch when full
2000
158
a ____ cylinder contains about 350 liters of oxygen
D
159
a _____ cylinder contains 625 liters of oxygen
E
160
a __cylinder has 3000 liters of oxygen
M
161
the ____ cylinder contains 5300 liters of oxygen
G
162
the ___ cylinder has 6900 liters of oxygen
H
163
the safe residual for a oxygen cylinder is when the gauge reads ____ psi or above
200
164
a device connected to an oxygen cylinder to reduce cylinder pressure so it is safe for delivery of oxygen to a patient
pressure regulator
165
a pressure regulator must be connected to the cylinder to provide a safe working pressure of _ to __ psi
30-70
166
a valve that indicates the flow of oxygen in liters per min
flowmeter
167
a ___ flowmeter is the compensated flowmeter and the constant flow selector valve used in the field
low pressure
168
a _____ flow meter is gravity dependent it must be kept upright, has a glass ball that rises and falls
pressure compensated
169
this flow meter has no gauge and allows for adjustment of flow in liters per min in stepped increments. can be used with a nasal cannula and non breather mask
constant flow selector valve
170
sometimes a higher oxygen is needed this may be necessary with CPAP, BIPAP and other devices
high pressure flowmeters
171
a device connected to the flowmeter to add moisture to the dry oxygen coming from an oxygen cylinder
humidifier
172
a child or someone with ___ might be more comfortable with a humidifier on the oxygen
COPD
173
if given oxygen for a long period of time infants could get _____
eye damage
174
delivery system of choice for patients with signs of hypoxia and those short of breath, suffering severe injuries, or displaying an altered mental status
non breather mask
175
appropriate for patients who need a small amount of supplemental oxygen or cannot tolerate a mask
nasal cannula
176
usually not used in ems some patients may use at home to keep co2 levels up
partial rebreather mask
177
a device used to deliver a specific concentration of oxygen device delivers 24-60 % oxygen depending on adapter tip and oxygen flow rate
venturi mask
178
a device used to deliver ventilations oxygen through a stoma or a tracheotomy tube
tracheostomy mask
179
has a flow rate of 12-15 liters per mi at 80-90%
non breather mask
180
has a flow rate of 1-6 liters at 24-44%
nasal cannula
181
has a flow rate of 9-10 liters at 40-60%
partial rebreather mask
182
has a flow rate of up to 15 liters with 24-60%
venturi mask
183
has a flow rate of 8-10 liters and can be set on whatever %
tracheostomy mask
184
a face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers high concentrations of oxygen the patients exhaled air escapes through the valve and is not rebreathed
non rebreather mask
185
a device that delivers low concentrations of oxygen through two prongs that rest in the patients nostrils
nasal cannula
186
patients with shock and hypoxia or other serious problems will benefit with a _____
nasal cannula
187
a face mask and reservoir oxygen bag with one way valve to the reservoir bag so some exhaled air mixes with oxygen used in some patients to help preserve carbon dioxide levels in the blood to stimulate breathing
partial rebreather mask
188
a face mask and reservoir bag device that delivers specific concentrations of oxygen by mixing oxygen with inhaled air most commonly used in patients with COPD
venturi mask
189
a device designed to be placed over a stoma or tracheostomy tube to provide oxygen
tracheostomy mask
190
an _____ mask requires visualization of the glottic opening
endotracheal
191
devices that are inserted blindly without having to look into the airway are?
king LT airway, combitube and laryngeal mask airway
192
a result of inadequate breathing, breathing that is insufficient to support life
respiratory failure
193
a patient in respiratory failure or arrest must receive_____
artificial ventilations
