EMT 205-2

Question 1

what are the four types of nerve fibers that are found in most nerves

Answer 1

visceral afferent
visceral efferent
somatic afferent
somatic efferent

Question 2

sympathetic nerve fibers are aka

Answer 2

adrenergic

Question 3

parasympathetic nerve fibers are aka

Answer 3

cholinergic

Question 4

what regions of the spinal cord do sympathetic fibers exit from

Answer 4

thoracic and lumbar

Question 5

what regions of the spinal cord do parasympathetic fibers exit from

Answer 5

cranial and sacral portions

Question 6

what two receptors does the parasympathetic nervous system have

Answer 6

nicotinic

muscarinic

Question 7

where are nicotinic receptors found in

Answer 7

skeletal muscles

Question 8

where are muscarinic receptors found in

Answer 8

cardiac and smooth muscles

glands and postganglionic neurons of sympathetic nervous system

Question 9

what are the major receptor types of the of the sympathetic nervous system

Answer 9

alpha

beta

Question 10

does norepi have a greater affinity for alpha or beta receptors

Answer 10

alpha

Question 11

does epi have a greater affinity for alpha or beta receptors

Answer 11

equal affinity

Question 12

what are the four categories of autonomic drugs

Answer 12

cholinergic (parasympathomimetic)
cholinergic blocking (parasympatholytic)
adrenergic (sympathomimetic)
adrenergic blocking (sympatholytic)

Question 13

cholinergic blocking agents work by blocking the _____ effects of acetylcholine

Answer 13

muscarinic

Question 14

what are the 3 types of adrenergic drugs

Answer 14

direct acting
indirect acting
dual acting

Question 15

what are the 3 naturally occurring catecholamines in the body

Answer 15

epinephrine
norepinephrine
dopamine

Question 16

_______ is a precursor to epi and norepi

Answer 16

dopamine

Question 17

indirect acting adrenergic drugs act indirectly on receptors by

Answer 17

triggering release of norepi and epi

Question 18

the 2 components of pain are

Answer 18

sensation of pain

emotional response to pain

Question 19

_______ analgesics act by a peripheral mechanism that interferes with local mediators released when tissue is damaged

Answer 19

nonnarcotic

Question 20

_____ drugs are CNS depressants, that have a reversible action on nervous tissue

Answer 20

anesthetic

Question 21

the 3 major types of anesthesia are

Answer 21

general
regional
local

Question 22

what are the major effects of sedatives and hypnotics

Answer 22

depress CNS
produce calming effect
induce sleep

Question 23

an agent is a sedative or a hypnotic depending on the

Answer 23

dose used

Question 24

what are the four actions of benzodiazepines

Answer 24

anxiety reducing
sedative-hypnotic
sleep inducing
anti-convulsant

Question 25

benzos are schedule ____ drugs because of the potential for abuse

Answer 25

4

Question 26

what four classes are barbiturates divided into based on the duration of action

Answer 26

ultra short acting short acting intermediate acting long acting

Question 27

how do anticonvulsant drugs work

Answer 27

by depressing the excitability of neruons that fire to initiate a seizure and suppressing neurons responsible for the spread of the seizure discharge

Question 28

how are CNS stimulants classified

Answer 28

by where they exert their major effects on the brain | cerebum, medulla and brainstem, hypothalamic limbic regions

Question 29

amphetamines are mainly used to treate ____ and ____

Answer 29

ADD | ADHD

Question 30

effective antipsychotic drugs block ______ receptors in specific areas of the CNS

Answer 30

dopamine

Question 31

tricyclic antidepressants are though to treat depression by increasing levels of

Answer 31

norepi and serotonin

Question 32

when ach binds to nicotinic receptors an ________ response occurs

Answer 32

excitatory

Question 33

atropine blocks ______ receptors

Answer 33

muscarinic

Question 34

when ach binds to muscarinic receptors it causes an ______ or ______ response depending on the target tissue

Answer 34

excitatory or inhibatory

Question 35

how do opioid antagonists block effects of opioid analgesics

Answer 35

displacing analgesics from their receptor sites