EMT 205-2 Flashcards
what are the four types of nerve fibers that are found in most nerves
visceral afferent
visceral efferent
somatic afferent
somatic efferent
sympathetic nerve fibers are aka
adrenergic
parasympathetic nerve fibers are aka
cholinergic
what regions of the spinal cord do sympathetic fibers exit from
thoracic and lumbar
what regions of the spinal cord do parasympathetic fibers exit from
cranial and sacral portions
what two receptors does the parasympathetic nervous system have
nicotinic
muscarinic
where are nicotinic receptors found in
skeletal muscles
where are muscarinic receptors found in
cardiac and smooth muscles
glands and postganglionic neurons of sympathetic nervous system
what are the major receptor types of the of the sympathetic nervous system
alpha
beta
does norepi have a greater affinity for alpha or beta receptors
alpha
does epi have a greater affinity for alpha or beta receptors
equal affinity
what are the four categories of autonomic drugs
cholinergic (parasympathomimetic)
cholinergic blocking (parasympatholytic)
adrenergic (sympathomimetic)
adrenergic blocking (sympatholytic)
cholinergic blocking agents work by blocking the _____ effects of acetylcholine
muscarinic
what are the 3 types of adrenergic drugs
direct acting
indirect acting
dual acting
what are the 3 naturally occurring catecholamines in the body
epinephrine
norepinephrine
dopamine
_______ is a precursor to epi and norepi
dopamine
indirect acting adrenergic drugs act indirectly on receptors by
triggering release of norepi and epi
the 2 components of pain are
sensation of pain
emotional response to pain
_______ analgesics act by a peripheral mechanism that interferes with local mediators released when tissue is damaged
nonnarcotic
_____ drugs are CNS depressants, that have a reversible action on nervous tissue
anesthetic
the 3 major types of anesthesia are
general
regional
local
what are the major effects of sedatives and hypnotics
depress CNS
produce calming effect
induce sleep
an agent is a sedative or a hypnotic depending on the
dose used
what are the four actions of benzodiazepines
anxiety reducing
sedative-hypnotic
sleep inducing
anti-convulsant
benzos are schedule ____ drugs because of the potential for abuse
4
what four classes are barbiturates divided into based on the duration of action
ultra short acting
short acting
intermediate acting
long acting
how do anticonvulsant drugs work
by depressing the excitability of neruons that fire to initiate a seizure and suppressing neurons responsible for the spread of the seizure discharge
how are CNS stimulants classified
by where they exert their major effects on the brain
cerebum, medulla and brainstem, hypothalamic limbic regions
amphetamines are mainly used to treate ____ and ____
ADD
ADHD
effective antipsychotic drugs block ______ receptors in specific areas of the CNS
dopamine
tricyclic antidepressants are though to treat depression by increasing levels of
norepi and serotonin
when ach binds to nicotinic receptors an ________ response occurs
excitatory
atropine blocks ______ receptors
muscarinic
when ach binds to muscarinic receptors it causes an ______ or ______ response depending on the target tissue
excitatory or inhibatory
how do opioid antagonists block effects of opioid analgesics
displacing analgesics from their receptor sites
