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EMT 205 > EMT 205-1 > Flashcards

EMT 205-1 Flashcards

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1
Q

any substance taken by mouth injected into a muscle, blood vessel, or cavity of the body, or applied topically to treat or prevent a disease or condition

A

drug

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2
Q

what are the 5 major sources that drugs are derived from

A 
plants
humans and animals
minerals
microorganisms
chemical substances created in a lab
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3
Q

what four types of names can identify a drug

A

chemical name
generic name
trade name
official name

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4
Q

this drug name describes a drugs molecular structure

A

chemical name

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5
Q

this drug name is often an abbreviated form of the chemical name, and is used more commonly than the chemical name

A

generic name

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6
Q

this drug name is a trademark name designated by the drug company that sells the medication

A

trade name

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7
Q

this drug name is followed by the initials USP

A

official name

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8
Q

the official book of drug standards in the United States is called the

A

United States Pharmacopeia

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9
Q

when drug actions are desirable they are said to have a ____ effect

A

therapeutic

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10
Q

when drug actions are undesirable or even harmful they are called ____ effects

A

side

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11
Q

drugs do not confer any new functions on a tissue or organ, they only….

A

modify existing effects

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12
Q

a drug that interacts with a receptor to stimulate a response is known as an…

A

agonist

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13
Q

a drug that attaches to a receptor but does not stimulate a response is called an ….

A

antagonist

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14
Q

pharmaceutics is the….

A

science of dispensing drugs

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15
Q

the term dissolution refers to the rate at which…..

A

a solid drug goes into solution after ingestion

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16
Q

what must happen for drugs to cross the cell membranes to achieve absorption

A

they must be in solution

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17
Q

_________ involves the movement of drug molecules from the entry site to the general circulation

A

absorption

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18
Q

the degree to which drugs attain pharmacological activity depends partly on the

A

rate and extent to which they are absorbed, which depend on the ability of the drug to cross the cell membrane

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19
Q

how do most drugs cross cell membranes

A

passive diffusion

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20
Q

what factors does the rate of drug absorption depend on

A 
nature of absorbing surface
blood flow to site of administration
solubility of drug
pH of drug environment
drug concentration
form of drug dosage
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21
Q

drugs administered via the enteral route are administered where

A

any portion of GI tract

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22
Q

the length of time a medication remains in the stomach depends on….

A

pH of the environment

gastric motility

23
Q

why does the intestine have a larger absorption area than the stomach

A

has a rich blood supply

24
Q

how much of a drug that is administered rectally bypasses the liver

A

50%

25
Q

why is drug absorption at the rectum erratic

A

rectal contents
local drug irritation
uncertainty of drug retention

26
Q

the parenteral route of drug administration is any route that does not utilize the

A

GI tract

27
Q

why is drug absorption in the lungs rapid

A

large surface area and capillary network of the alveoli

28
Q

what are the two general processes that create drug reservoirs

A

plasma protein binding

tissue binding

29
Q

what is the main plasma protein that drugs bind to

A

albumin

30
Q

the blood brain barrier consists of a single layer of capillary endothelial cells, this arrangement allows only ______ drugs to be distributed into the brain and CSF

A

lipid soluble

31
Q

what are examples drugs that can pass through the placental barrier

A

antibiotics
steroids
narcotics

32
Q

what two processes does the body use to eliminate drugs

A

biotransformation

excretion

33
Q

a process in which drugs are chemically converted to matabolites

A

biotransformation

34
Q

where does biotransformation primarily take place, what are other sites that it takes place

A 
the liver (primary)
kidneys
plasma
lungs
intestinal mucosa
35
Q

the process that occurs when orally administered drugs that are absorbed through the GI tract pass through the liver before entering the systemic circulation

A

first pass metabolism

36
Q

what happens in first pass metabolism

A

a large amount of the drug is metabolized before reaching systemic circulation, which reduces the amount of the drug that is available for distribution

37
Q

the primary organ for excretion is the

A

kidneys

38
Q

the 3 mechanisms of renal excretion are

A

passive glomerular filtration
active tubular secretion
partial reabsorption

39
Q

why are pediatric patients more sensitive to drugs than adults

A

immature hepatic and renal systems

40
Q

why are geriatric patients more sensitive to drugs than younger adults

A

decline in hepatic and renal systems

41
Q

drug doses for children who weigh less than ___ lb and are younger than ____ years old are always based on body mass

A

150

18

42
Q

what determines a drugs biological half life

A

rate of biotransformation and excretion of the drug

43
Q

what is a drugs biological half life

A

the time it takes to metabolize or eliminate 50% of a drug in the body

44
Q

a drug is considered to be eliminated from the body after

A

5 half lives have passed

45
Q

the therapeutic index is a measurement of the relative safety of a drug and represents the ratio between what two factors

A

lethal dose 50

effective dose 50

46
Q

why might higher doses of water soluble drugs be necessary for infants

A

proportionally higher volumes of total body water
higher ratio of ecf to icf
thus higher doses may be needed for effective blood volumes

47
Q

protein binding of drugs is reduced in infants, therefore the concentration of

A

free drug in plasma is increased

can result in greater drug effect or toxicity

48
Q

the blood brain barrier in infants is _____ _____ than in adults

A

less effective

49
Q

what agency is responsible for regulating biological products

A

public health service

50
Q

the agency that is the sole legal drug enforcement body in the US

A

drug enforcement agency

51
Q

what schedule are heroin, weed, tetrahydrocannabinols

A

schedule 1

52
Q

what schedule is morphine, fentanyl, cocaine

A

schedule 2

53
Q

the study of how a drug acts on a living organism

A

pharmacodynamics

54
Q

the study of how the body handles a drug over a period of time

A

pharmacokinetics

EMT 205 (5 decks)

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