EMR Last Test Flashcards
The majority of findings on a trauma come from where ?
Physical examinations
How many decisions are there when it come to scene safety ?
5
What is the primary concern when approaching a scene
Scream safety
Mechanism of injury and determination of criticality
The force that cause the patient trauma
What is the foundation for the efficiency and success of the remainder of your call
Scene size up
What can you treat immediately on a trauma patient
ABC
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
What kind of exam is done to identify injuries
An head to toe exam
What signs of injury should you look for on a trauma patient
DOTS
Deformity
Open wounds
Tenderness
Swelling
Glasgow come scale
Helps EMS providers determine the severity of patients who have sustained injury
What is the maximum number that your can get in the Glasgow scale
15 max min 3
Perfusion
The consistent delivery of adequate oxygen to the cells
Hypoperfused
Inadequate delivery of oxygenated blood
Cellular hypoperfusion can lead to what
Cell death organ failures and eventually patient death
Compensated shock
When the body reacts to hypoperfusion and takes steps to stay alive
Decompensate
Stage where the body could no longer make up for increased lack of oxygen delivery to vital organs
Hypotension
Drop in blood pressure or low blood pressure
What is not the best indicator of shock
Blood pressure
Exsanguinating hemorrhage
Uncontrolled severe bleeding in massive volumes
Direct pressure
The application of pressure to a wound designed to stop bleeding or slow bleeding to aid the clotting of blood
How long should you apply pressure for ?
For a minimum of 5 min
What is normally a common mistake when applying pressure
Removing the dressing to check if the bleeding has stopped
Hemostatic agent
A substance that contains dry properties to help slow bleeding aid clotting
When should you use a tourniquet?
Only when you cannot control bleeding in an extremity
When you apply a tourniquet what should you do ?
Elevate the extremity above the heart
Which muscles we use to draw and push air out of the the lungs
Diaphragm
Sucking chest wounds
When diaphragm drops and negative pressure is created
Pneumothorax
When air works it’s way in between the chest wall and the lung and cause the lungs to collapse
Occlusive dressing
Made up of plastic vaseline gauze or similar airtight materials
Tension pneumothorax
When the lung collapsed and put pressure on the heart
Spontaneous pneumothorax
Smokers that developed hole in their lungs l tissue that can collapse the lung in the same manner as trauma
Crepitus
The grating of bone ends up rubbing together when you palpate chest
Flail segment or flail chest
When two or more ribs are broken in two or more places and ribs has a free floating section
Paradoxical breathing
Decrease of air exhalation due to fail segment
Traumatic asphyxia
Occurs when massive blunt trauma is applied over large portion of the chest
Blood is forced in opposite direction
Signs of traumatic asphyxia
Distended skin neck veins bulging eyes blue skin
When treating patient with abdominal trauma what should you use to deal wounds ?
Occlusive dressing the same way you would seal an open chest wound
Evisceration
When abdominal organs such as intestines protrude from an open wound
How should you secure impaled objects
By padding around the object with bulky dressing and tape
Gastrointestinal bleeding (GI)
When bleeding happen in the esophagus the stomach and or the intestines
Abdominal distinction
Bulging belly
What is the name for closed wounds ?
Blunt trauma
Ecchymosis
Occurs the force of a trauma breaks small blood vessels beneath the skin and result is blueish or black bruising
Hematoma
Blueish discolored lump
Abrasions
Scrape out the outermost layer of the skin
Laceration
A cut in the skin and or layers of the soft tissue beneath the skin cause by sharp object
Avulsion
When force tear large peace of tissue
Perfusion
Consistent delivery of adequate oxygen to the cells
Compensated shock
When the body reacts to hypoperfusion and takes steps to stay alive
Hypoxia
Inadequate oxygenation of the tissue
Decompensation
The failure of the body steps to compensate for insult or injury
What are the three categories of external bleeding ?
Arterial bleeding
Venous bleeding
Capillary bleeding
Diaphragm
Used to draw air into and push air out of the lungs
Sucking chest wound
When the diaphragm drops and negative pressure is created
Hemothorax
When leaking blood builds up and collapses the lung
A closed wound is called what
Blunt trauma
Contusion
Pain swelling etc around impact area
Ecchymosis
Occurred when the force brake open small blood vessels beneath the skin
Hematoma
Large amount of bleeding occurred beneath the skin enough to raise blueish bruising
Air embolism
Air bubble in blood stream
What’s the most common type of soft tissue injury
Burn
Cerebrospinal fluid
Liquid that surrounds the skull
Articulation
The movement of vertebrae
Posturing
Involuntary movement of limbs caused by pain
Foramen magnum
Hole at the base of the neck
Herniation
When brain squeezes and falls downward
Cushing triad
Decreasing pulse rate
Increase blood pressure
Abnormal respiratory patterns
Posturing
Changed to Pupil response
Incontinence
Loss of control of piss and shit
Open injuries signs
Bruising behind the ears
Raccoon eyes
If foreign object cannot be removed from the eye you should use
Rigid eye shield
Orthopedic injury
Injury of the skeletal system
What is the core of the body protected by
Axial skeleton
Strain
When muscles and tendons are over worked
Sprain
When tendons that are connect to bone are stretched Beyond their normal range of motion
Fracture
When bone is cracked or actually broken
O
P
Q
R
S
T
Onset Provocation Quality Region Severity Time
Traction splint
Mechanical device that when attached to an extremely provides gentle pulling
Three related medical conditions
Heat exhaustion
Heat cramps
Heat stroke
Cervix
Neck of the uterus that connects to the vagina
Bloody show
The expulsion of mucus plug
How much does the placenta normally weigh
About a pound
Amniotic sac
Filled up with fluids in which the fetus floats
Broth canal
Made up of the cervix and vagina
What happen to the cervix in the first and longest stage
It becomes dilated
How long does the first contraction normally last
10 to 20 min
Contraction last in which intervals
30 to 60 sec
For people that had babies before their contractions last how long
3-4 min
60 sec each
When the baby head appears it’s called ?
Crowning
Fontanels
The soft spot at the top of the baby head
Meconium staining
Greenish or brownish fluid means the baby has had a bowel movement
Rubbing the back of the baby or tapping the feet is called
Tactile stimulation
How long should you wait before cutting umbilical cord
1-3 min
If placenta is not delivered within what time frame you should take patient to the hospital
10 to 15 min
If a woman gives birth before how long the baby is considered premature
36 weeks
Should not weigh less than 5/12 lbs
How much precent of pregnancy does preeclampsia affect ?
5-8 percent
Symptoms of preeclampsia
High bP
Swelling of face extremities
Headache
Nausea or vomiting
Abnormal weigh gain
Eclampsia
Possibly patient could go into shock
How many Fallopian tubes does a woman have ?
2
Exsangcate
Bleed to death
Ovum
Fertilized egg
Placenta previa
When placenta is positioned in the uterus in an abnormally low position
Abruptio placentae
Leading cause of fetal death after blunt trauma
PAT
Pediatric assessment triangle
PAT
Appearance
Work of breathing
Skin
Retractions
Drawing back
S
A
M
P
L
E
Signs and symptoms
Allergies
Medication
Past medical history
Last oral intake
Events that lead to the illness
What can be a late I indicator of shock
Falling blood pressure
Epiglottis
Caused by bacterial infection that inflamed the epiglottis
Febrile secures
Caused my rapid raise of body temperature usually resulting in high fever
When seizures are status epilepticus
It means they are non stop
What can also cause chick in children
Dehydration
Child abuse
Improper or excessive action as to injure or cause harm
Child neglect
Giving insufficient attention or respect to a child
In what cause you don’t do CPR on a child
Rigor Mortis
Dark pigment areas in adults are called
Age spots or liver spots
Deaphrosis
Excessive perspiration
What cause COPD
Long term smoking
Impatient in thinking
Dementia
Common illnesses in elderly people
Influenza
Alzheimer’s disease
Form of dementia
Patient may become violent
Beta blockers
Taken for high blood pressure or heart problems
What a congenital disease
One that occurs at birth
Acquired disease
Occurred after birth
Palliative care
Comfort care
Ex hospice
Living will
DNR
Tracheostomy
Opening in the neck into the trachea
Ventilator
A device that breath for a patient
Forms of abuse
Physical abuse
Sexual abuse
Emotional abuse
Financial abuse
Neglect
