Ch 1-.. Flashcards
Who normally gets on the Sean first ?
EMR
Who is the first part of the EMS system
EMR
How does the EMS system begin ?
With a call from patient,family member ,friend or bystander
Where are EMS calls answered ?
Public safety answering point
People at the dispatch center are trained as what?
Emergency medical dispatchers
How many levels of EMS are there ?
4
What are the levels of EMS ?
EMR
EMT
Advance EMT
PARAMEDIC
What is an advance EMT JOB consist of ?
Is fluid some medications advance airway assessment techniques
Many EMS system provide what kind of system ?
Tiered system
What are the different type of specialty hospitals?
Trina center
Pediatric center
Burn center
Cardiovascular care center
Stroke center
How many classic components of the EMS system are there ?
10
Which states have or has a system that oversees EMS within that state ?
ALL states
Who is involved in quality improvement and the development of protocols
Medical director
How should EMS providers treat people ?
How they would expect people to treat them
What are EMR providers required to do ?
Obtain ongoing or continuing education (CE)
Quality improvement committee composed of who ?
Members of an organization both administrative and field staff medical director and others
How to prevent errors?
Double check important facts and decision
Use pocket reference
Question assumptions
Ask for help or assistance
Debrief calls afterwards and look for ways to improve
What should you do every-time?
Make sure he scene is safe
What are the four basic procedures that are used when you encounter danger
Cover
Concealment
Distraction
Retreat
What are some hazards that you should look out for on a scene ??
Signs of hazardous materials
Signs of wires down in an area
Unstable vehicles
Patients that are in a dangerous place
What are standard precautions?
Practices to prevent exposure to disease during patient contact
How could diseases be transferred to EMS providers ?
Body fluids
Airborne droplets
How can disease enter the body ?
Open wound
Mucous membranes including eye nose or mouth
Or accidental needle stick
What most employers have in place to help prevent exposure to disease long before potential contact occurs
Strategic controls
When should you wash hands
After any patient contact and anytime gloves are removed
What is the most common PPE used at emergency scene
Protective Gloves
Anatomical position
A standard used when referring to the location of your patient
Supine
Patient laying on her back facing up
Prone
A patient laying on her stomach
Right lateral recumbent
Patient laying on her right side or (recovery position )
Left lateral recumbent
Patient laying on her left side in the recovery position
Medial
Towards the midline
Lateral
Away from the midline ( ex your thumb is in the lateral side of your hand
Superior
Towards the head
Inferior
Towards the feet
Distal
Farther from the point of attachment
Proximal
Closer to the point of attachment the elbow is proximal to the wrist
Anterior/ventral
Toward the front ( ex the chest is anterior
Posterior/dorsal
Towards the back
Superficial
Towards the surface (ex a scrape of your knee)
Deep
Farther from the surface
Internal
Inside
External
Outside (ex burn to palm of hand)
Cranial cavity
Cavity that contain the brain (skull)
Thoracic (chest) cavity
Cavity that contains the lungs heart great vessels trachea and esophagus
Abdominal cavity
This cavity contains the stomach intestines liver gallbladder pancreas spleen appendix and kidney
Pelvic cavity
Contains the bladder recriminations and internal female reproductive organs
Anatomy
The study of structure of how the body part look
Topographic anatomy
Look at the external surfaces and the shapes giving by underlining structures
Gross anAtomy
Structures visible to the naked eye such as muscles bone and body organs
Physiology
The study of biological functions or how body part works
Homeostasis
The body state of balance between all processes
How many systems are in the body’s
11
What protects vital organs
Then skeleton
How many bones are in a adult skeleton
206
Bones are attached to each other by what ?
Ligaments
Muscles are connected to bones by what ?
Bone tendons
The spinal cord are made up of how many bones
33
Cervical spine
7 vertebrae support head and neck
Thoracic spine
Consist of 12 vertebrae form upper back
Lumbar spine
Consist of 5 vertebrae that from the Lower back
Sacrum
Consist of 5 fused vertebrae part of the pelvic girdle
Coccyx
Tail bone 4 fused vertebrae
Thorax
Commonly called rib cage consist of 12 pairs of ribs
What are the first pair of ten ribs attached to ?
Sternum
Xiphoid process
Peace of cartilage
Immovable joints
Bones at joints are fused together (ex bones in the skull )
Slightly movable joints
Has a limited range of motion (bones that make up spinal cord )
Freely movable joints
Has a great range of motion ex (fingers toes elbo and knee… etc
Voluntary muscles
Skeletal or striated muscles
Move under voluntary control
Involuntary muscles
Found in airway Respiratory system the digestive track and the blood vessel
Where are cardiac muscles found
Only found in the heart
Ventilation
Process of moving air in and out of the body
Desperation
Exchange of gases in the cells
Inspiration
Also called inhalation when you breath in air
Expiration
Also called exhaustion
Larynx
Superior end of the trachea
What are smaller bronchi called
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Located at the end of the bronchioles like a cluster of grapes
What is the arteries job
Carry blood away from the heart
What are capillaries
Are very thin blood vessels where where the exchange of gases nutrients and waster between blood and cells occurs
Red blood cells
Carry oxygen to cells
White blood cells
Fight infections
Platelets
Help blood clotting
What is the central nervous system consist of ?
Brain and spinal cord
Peripheral nervous system
Contains all nerves that transfer message to and from central nervous system
Somatic nervous system
Responsible for all aspects that you have control over such as body movement
Automatic nervous system
Systems such as heart rate respiratory and digestive system
What is the body first line of defense ?
Then skin
The outmost later of the skin is called?
Epidermis
Area that contains the blood vessels hair follicles and sweat glands oil glands and sensory nerves
Dermis
What is the inner most layer of the skin called ?
Subcutaneous layer
What two processes does the digestive system use ?
Mechanical and chemical
What is the responsibility of the unitary system ?
Filtration for the blood removing water salts materials and other waste products
What is the kidney purpose
Filtration
Purpose of the lymphatic immune system
Helps defend the body against infection and disease and returns tissue fluids back to the bloodstream
What is the purpose of hormones ?
Help regulate various system and processes
Atmospheric air contains how much oxygen ?
21 percent
What is the heart rate of and infant ?
120-160
Respiratory rate of infant
30-60
Heart rate of a toddler
80-130
Respiratory rate for a toddler
20-30
Heart rate for preschool
80-120
Respiratory rate for preschool
20-30
Heart rate for school age
70-110
Respiratory rate for school
20-30
Adolescent heart rate
55-105
Respiratory rate for adolescent
12/20
Cyanosis
Blue color
Paradoxical motion
Broken rips moves in opposite direction or remainder of the chest
Oxygenation
Refers to the amount of oxygen in the blood that will be carried to the body
What is the most common airway obstruction ?
The tongue
How can the tongue be removed from the back of the throat ?
By tilting the head back
What device is used to measure how many hemoglobin is actually carrying oxygen at any given time ?
Pulse oximeter
What other gas doe hemoglobin also carry
Carbon dioxide
FBAO
Foreign Body Airway Obstruction
The heart is divided into two upper chambers and two lower chambers called
Atria and ventricles
When does cardiac arrest happen
When the heart stops beating
Brain cells begin to die after how long
4-6 minutes
Irreversible brain damage
8-10 minutes
Apnea
No breathing
If an infant is in cardiac arrest where should you check the pulse ?
Brachial artery
What is the electric rhythm in the heart called ?
Arrhythmia
What are the two different types of AEDs
Fully automated and semi automated
PAD
Public access difibrillation
What is the first part of patient assessment
Scene size up
What are the 5 major components of scene size up ?
Scene safety standard precautions determination Resources determination Number of patients Mechanism of injury nature of illness
You should begin observation as you approach look for
Any signs of fighting
Signs of alcohol or drugs
Unusual silence
What can you use to update incoming units of violence
Cell phone and radio
Mechanism of injury
They physical force that cause patient injury
General rule for mechanism of injury
Then faster the speed involved in the injury or greater the high the more Injury
Why is mechanism of injury important
Patient only focus on on injury at a time
MCI
Mass casualty incident
Chief complaint
Documented in patient own words
AVPU
Alert
Verbal
Pain
Unresponsive
For widely accepted levels or responsiveness
AVPU
Angola breathing
Inadequate breathing
When is disability check used ?
In trauma patients
Designed to test central nervous system (brain and spinal cord )
What kind of questions require patients to give answers better than a yes or no
Open ended questions
Symptoms
What a patient tells you are complains about
Sign
Something you observe or measure
S A M P L E
Signs
Allergies
Medications
Past medical history
L last oral intake
E events
Taking multiple set of vitals over time is known as what ?
Trending
A palpable pressure is called what ?
Pulse
Capillary refill
The length of time it takes to refill capillary beds of the skin after pressure force blood out of them
Systolic
Squees
Diastolic
Relaxation of the heart
Asculatating
Listing with your ears or with stethoscope
Palpitating
Feeling with your hands
D
O
T
S
Deformity
Open injuries
Tenderness (or pain)
Swelling
What can hinder your abilities to find injuries
Heavy clothing
One set of vitals is called what ?
Baseline
How often should you take vitals for unstable patient ?
Every 5 min
How often should you take vitals for patients who appears stable
At least every 15 minutes
You should continue to monitor patient until what happen
Until EMT strive
A
B
C
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Personal space
An area about 3 feet
What kind of questions can be answered with one word?
Open ended question
Run data
Administration information
Patient data
Information gained during your assessment such as physical findings
What could be subpoenaed I court
Prehospital care report
