Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiation Production and Characteristics > EMR > Flashcards

EMR Flashcards

1
Q

is supplied to the X-ray imaging system to be converted into electromagnetic energy

A

Electric Energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
  • is the set of phenomena associated with the presence and motion of matter that has a property of electric charge.
  • is the presence and flow (movement) of charge.
  • is sometimes used to mean “electrical”.
A

Electricity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q
  • is the basic property of matter carries by some elementary particles
  • comes into two types: positive (+) and negative (-)
A

Electric Charge

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

are the smallest units of electric charge

A

Electrons and Protons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

has one unit of negative electric charge

A

Electron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

has one unit of positive charge

A

Proton

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

_____ charges repel

A

Like

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

_____ charges attract

A

Unlike

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Like charges ______

A

Repel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Unlike charges ______

A

Attract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the unit of charge?

A

Coulomb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The unit of charge is Coulomb which was named after _______________ (eminent French Physicist)

A

Charles-Augustin de Coulomb

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

1 Coulomb = _________ electron charges

A

6.24x10^18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

The smallest unit of “free” charge known in nature is the charge of an electron or proton which has a magnitude of ___________

A

1.602x10^-19C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Electric charges associated with electrons and protons have the (a) ______ magnitude but (b) ______ signs

A

(a) same, (b) opposite

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Law which states that “the electrical force between two charged objects is directly proportional to the product of the quantity of charge on the objects and inversely proportional to the square of the separation distance between the two objects”.

A

Coulomb’s Law

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is the value of Coulomb constant (k)?

A

9x10^9Nm^2/C^2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q
  • is a force that acts at a distance, even when objects are not in contact with one another
  • The action at a distance means that one charge creates a field which in turn acts on the other charge
A

Electrostatic Force

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

provides a convenient graphical presentation of the electric field in space

A

Electric Field Lines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The direction of the field lines is radially outward for a ________ charge

A

positive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The direction of the field lines is radially inward for a ______ charge

A

negative

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

The direction of the field lines is radially _________ for a positive charge

A

outward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

The direction of the field lines is radially _________ for a negative charge

A

inward

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are the three ways for a neutral object to be charged?

A
  1. Friction
  2. Conduction
  3. Induction
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q
  • Occurs when two different materials rub against each other causing the transfer of electrons
  • is the opposing force which acts in the opposite direction of the movement of the upper body
A

Friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Occurs when a neutral object is placed in contact with an already-charged object

A

Conduction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q
  • a charged object is brought near but not touched to a neutral conducting object.
  • not in contact
  • The presence of a charged object near a neutral conductor will force (or induce) electrons within the conductor to move.
A

Induction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are the four electric states of matter?

A
  1. Superconductor
  2. Conductor
  3. Semiconductor
  4. Insulator
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q
  • no voltage needed
  • No resistance to electron flow, no electric potential required, and must be very cold
  • The critical temperature usually between absolute zero and 10 Kelvin (-273 Celsius and -263 Celsius or as high as 125 Kelvin (-148 Celsius)
A

Superconductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

are used in machines for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in hospitals and in the orientation of the beam of a particle accelerator.

A

Superconducting Magnets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q
  • application of voltage is required to the flow of electron
  • includes copper, aluminum
A

Conductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

is a substance in which electrical charge carriers (usually electrons), move easily from atom to atom with the application of voltage

A

Electric Conductor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q
  • does not allow the flow of electrons
  • is a material that does not conduct electrical current
  • these materials include paper, plastic, rubber, and glass
A

Insulator

34
Q
  • A solid substance that has a conductivity between that of an insulator and that of most metals
  • devices made of ___________, notably silicon, are essential components of most electronic circuits.
A

Semiconductor

35
Q
  • is defined as the electric potential energy, U , per unit charge
  • ____ = U/q
  • sometimes referred to as the voltage
A

Electric Potential (V)

36
Q

The higher the (a) _________, the (b) __________ the potential to do work

A

(a) voltage, (b) greater

37
Q
  • electric potential
  • is an electromotive force or potential difference expressed in volts
  • 1 V = 1 J/C (Joule per Coulomb)
A

Voltage

38
Q

The Volt unit is named after (a) ______________, an Italian physicist who invented an (b) __________

A

(a) Alessandro Volta, (b) electric battery

39
Q
  • is the rate of flow of electrons in a wire.
  • SI Unit is Ampere (A)
  • 1 A = 1 C/s (Coulomb per seconds)
A

Electric Current

40
Q

Ampere was named after _________________________

A

Andre Marie Ampere

41
Q
  • is a measure of opposition to the flow of electric current
  • The inverse is electrical conductance
  • SI unit is Ohm
A

Electric Resistance

42
Q

Ohm was named after a German physicist and mathematician _____________

A

Georg Simon Ohm

43
Q

Law which states “The amount of electric current through a metal conductor in a circuit is directly proportional to the voltage applied across it and inversely proportional to the resistance”

A

Ohm’s Law

44
Q
  • is a measure of energy per unit time.
  • gives the rate of energy consumption or production.
  • The units for _________ are generally watts (W).
A

Power

45
Q

is measured in kilowatt-hours, kWh.

A

Electric Energy

46
Q
  • is a fundamental property of some forms of matter.
  • Some objects are known to attract iron fillings. These phenomena is called __________.
A

Magnetism

47
Q

A charge particle in motion also creates ____________.

A

magnetic field

48
Q

In radiologic sciences, understanding magnetism is important in ______________________ which uses powerful magnetic fields to create images of the human body.

A

magnetic resonance imaging

49
Q
  • is a vector field that describes the magnetic influence of electrical currents and magnetized materials.
  • is also created by a moving electric charge.
A

Magnetic Field

50
Q

What is the SI Unit of magnetic field (B) is ________

A

Tesla (T)

51
Q

Magnetic field (B) is also measured in ________

A

Gauss (G)

52
Q

Magnetic field is (a) ____________ (magnetic dipole). It has a (b) ____________ and (c) __________ pole.

A

(a) dipolar, (b) north, (c) south

53
Q

are regions at the end of the magnet where the magnetic field are strongest.

A

Poles

54
Q

Law of (a) ____________: Like magnetic poles (b) __________ and unlike magnetic poles (c) _________.

A

(a) Magnetism, (b) repel, (c) attract

55
Q
  • is a region created by the accumulation of many atomic magnets with their dipoles aligned.
  • This means that the individual magnetic moments of the atoms are aligned with one another, and they point in the same direction.
A

Magnetic Domain

56
Q

(a) ___________ is a consequence of the electromagnetic force,
one of the four fundamental forces of nature, and is caused by the _____________.

A

(a) Magnetic Force, (b) motion of charges

57
Q
  • As moving charges create magnetic fields, so they experience forces from magnetic fields generated by other materials. The magnitude of the force experienced by a particle traveling in a magnetic field depends on the charge of the particle (q), the velocity of the particle(v), the strength of the field(B), and, importantly, the angle between their relative directions(θ).
A

Lorentz Force

58
Q

The magnetic force is described by the _____________

A

Lorentz Force Law

59
Q

Type of magnet which Earth is the common example.

A

Natural Magnets

60
Q
  • Type of magnet which is usually made of iron.
  • Made by aligning their domains in the field of an electromagnet.
A

Permanent Magnets

61
Q

Type of magnet which consists of wire wrapped around an iron core.

A

Electromagnets

62
Q

Type of magnet which materials that are unaffected by magnetic field.

A

Nonmagnetic

63
Q
  • Type of magnet which materials that are weakly repelled by magnetic fields.
  • They cannot be artificially magnetized, and they are not attracted to a magnet.
A

Diamagnetic

64
Q
  • Type of magnet which materials that lie somewhere between ferromagnetic and nonmagnetic.
  • They arr slightly attracted to a magnet and loosely influence by an external magnetic field.
A

Paramagnetic

65
Q

Type of magnet which is strongly attracted to magnets or magnetic materials and usually can be permanently magnetized by exposure to a magnetic field.

A

Ferromagnetic

66
Q
  • is a process where a magnetic field is created by introducing a current into the conductor or by producing electricity with changing magnetic field.
  • is a branch of Physics that deals with the electromagnetic force that occurs between electrically charged particles.
A

Electromagnetism

67
Q
  • is a type of physical interaction that occurs between electrically charged particles.
  • is one of the four fundamental forces of nature.
  • acts between charged particles and is the combination of all magnetic and electrical forces.
  • can be attractive or repulsive.
A

Electromagnetic Force (EMF)

68
Q

A coil of wire is called a ______.

A

solenoid

69
Q

is a current-carrying wire wrapped around an iron core, which intensified the induced magnetic field.

A

Electromagnet

70
Q
  • He discovered that electric currents create magnetic fields.
  • He is a Danish physicist and chemist
A

Hans Christian Ørsted

71
Q

This was the first connection found between electricity and magnetism.

A

Electromagnetic Induction

72
Q

In 1831, _______________ formulated two laws on the bases of his experiments.

A

Michael Faraday

73
Q

The ______ Law of Induction states that “Whenever a conductor are placed in a varying magnetic field, an electromotive force (emf) is induced. If the conductor circuit is closed, a current is induced which is called induced current.”

A

First Law

74
Q

The ________ Law of Induction states that “The magnitude of the induced emf in a coil is equal to the rate of change of flux that linkages with the coil.”

A

Second

75
Q

is the product of the number of turns in the coil and the flux associated with the coil.

A

Flux Linkage

76
Q

He proposes a Theory of Electromagnetic Field which has something to do with the space in the neighborhood of the electric or magnetic bodies

A

James Clerk Maxwell

77
Q

is that part of space which contains and surrounds bodies in electric or magnetic conditions (Maxwell, 1864)

A

Electromagnetic Field

78
Q

are waves that are created as a result of vibrations between an electric field and a magnetic field.

A

Electromagnetic Waves (EM Waves)

79
Q

is a form of energy that is produced by oscillating electric and magnetic disturbance, or by the movement of electrically charged particles traveling through a vacuum or matter.

A

Electromagnetic Energy

80
Q

The (a) _______ field and (b) _________ field of an electromagnetic wave are (c) ____________ (at right angles) to each other. They are also perpendicular to the direction of the (d) _________.

A

(a) electric, (b) magnetic, (c) perpendicular, (d) EM wave

81
Q

What is the value of the speed of light?

A

3x10^8 meters/sec

Radiation Production and Characteristics (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions