Basic Concept of Radiation

Question 1

• emission of energy
• A stream of particles or electromagnetic waves emitted by the atoms and molecules of a radioactive substance as a result of nuclear decay.

Answer 1

Radiation

Question 2

is the process by which ions are formed by gain or loss of an electron from an atom or molecule.

Answer 2

Ionization

Question 3

What are the 3 Modes of Entry of Radiation

Answer 3

1. Inhalation
2. Ingestion
3. Absorption/skin cuts

Question 4

is a constant source of ionizing radiation present in the environment and emitted from a variety of sources.

Answer 4

Natural Sources/Background Radiation

Question 5

A source of natural background radiation, which originates in outer space and is composed of penetrating ionizing radiation (both particulate and electromagnetic).

Answer 5

Cosmic Background Radiation

Question 6

Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface and atmosphere is called ________________ (Arnfield 2020)

Answer 6

Terrestrial/Long Wave Radiation

Question 7

• is a naturally occurring radioactive gas which can accumulate in enclosed places, including houses and other buildings.
• It comes from the radioactive decay chain of uranium, which is present in small amounts almost everywhere in the Earth’s crust

Answer 7

Radon

Question 8

The variation in dose from one person to another is not as great as the variation in dose from cosmic and terrestrial sources.

Answer 8

Internal Radionuclide (Radiation)

Question 9

It is the primary source of radiation from the human body.

Answer 9

Potassium - 40

Question 10

The source of _________ essentially are from human food derived from plants.

Answer 10

Carbon-14

Question 11

What are the two distinct groups exposed to man-made radiation sources?

Answer 11

1. Members of the public
2. Occupationally exposed individuals

Question 12

is any individual except when that individual is receiving an occupational dose.

Answer 12

Members of the public

Question 13

Is the dose received by an individual in the course of employment in which the individual’s assigned duties involves exposure to radiation or to radioactive material.

Answer 13

Occupationally Exposed Individuals

Question 14

• Pure energy with no mass and is like vibrating or pulsating waves of electrical and magnetic energy.
• Produces by vibrating electric charge and as such, they consist of both an electric and magnetic component.
• Travel in a wave-like pattern
• travels in a straight line at the speed of light (3x10^8m/s)

Answer 14

Electromagnetic Radiation

Question 15

longest wavelength, lowest energy

Answer 15

Radio

Question 16

shortest wavelength, highest energy

Answer 16

X-ray and Gamma Ray

Question 17

• A changing magnetic field will induce a changing electric field and vice-versa (the two are linked)
• These changing fields form ______________
• differ from mechanical waves in that they do not require a medium to propagate.
• can travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum of space.

Answer 17

Electromagnetic Waves

Question 18

The electromagnetic energy can be described by (a) __________, (b) ____________, or (c) ___________

Answer 18

(a) frequency, (b) wavelength, (c) energy

Question 19

The number of crests that pass a given point within one second is described as the ________________.

Answer 19

frequency of the wave

Question 20

• The unit of frequency is (a) ____________, named after (b) _____________ who established the existence of (c) _________.
• Another unit is (d) __________.

Answer 20

(a) Hertz (Hz), (b) Heinrich Hertz, (c) radio waves, (d) cycle per second (CPS)

Question 21

• The distance between the crests is the (a) ___________.
• The unit of (a) _______ is in (b) ________.
• (c) _________ (micro, nano, femto, kilo) are added depending on the value of wavelength.
• (a) ___________ is represented by the Greek letter (d) __________.

Answer 21

(a) wavelength, (b) meter, (c) prefixes, (d) lambda (λ)

Question 22

The unit of energy is called _______________.

Answer 22

electron volts (eV) or Joule (J)