Basic Concept of Radiation Flashcards
- emission of energy
- A stream of particles or electromagnetic waves emitted by the atoms and molecules of a radioactive substance as a result of nuclear decay.
Radiation
is the process by which ions are formed by gain or loss of an electron from an atom or molecule.
Ionization
What are the 3 Modes of Entry of Radiation
- Inhalation
- Ingestion
- Absorption/skin cuts
is a constant source of ionizing radiation present in the environment and emitted from a variety of sources.
Natural Sources/Background Radiation
A source of natural background radiation, which originates in outer space and is composed of penetrating ionizing radiation (both particulate and electromagnetic).
Cosmic Background Radiation
Electromagnetic radiation emitted by the Earth’s surface and atmosphere is called ________________ (Arnfield 2020)
Terrestrial/Long Wave Radiation
- is a naturally occurring radioactive gas which can accumulate in enclosed places, including houses and other buildings.
- It comes from the radioactive decay chain of uranium, which is present in small amounts almost everywhere in the Earth’s crust
Radon
The variation in dose from one person to another is not as great as the variation in dose from cosmic and terrestrial sources.
Internal Radionuclide (Radiation)
It is the primary source of radiation from the human body.
Potassium - 40
The source of _________ essentially are from human food derived from plants.
Carbon-14
What are the two distinct groups exposed to man-made radiation sources?
- Members of the public
- Occupationally exposed individuals
is any individual except when that individual is receiving an occupational dose.
Members of the public
Is the dose received by an individual in the course of employment in which the individual’s assigned duties involves exposure to radiation or to radioactive material.
Occupationally Exposed Individuals
- Pure energy with no mass and is like vibrating or pulsating waves of electrical and magnetic energy.
- Produces by vibrating electric charge and as such, they consist of both an electric and magnetic component.
- Travel in a wave-like pattern
- travels in a straight line at the speed of light (3x10^8m/s)
Electromagnetic Radiation
longest wavelength, lowest energy
Radio
shortest wavelength, highest energy
X-ray and Gamma Ray
- A changing magnetic field will induce a changing electric field and vice-versa (the two are linked)
- These changing fields form ______________
- differ from mechanical waves in that they do not require a medium to propagate.
- can travel not only through air and solid materials, but also through the vacuum of space.
Electromagnetic Waves
The electromagnetic energy can be described by (a) __________, (b) ____________, or (c) ___________
(a) frequency, (b) wavelength, (c) energy
The number of crests that pass a given point within one second is described as the ________________.
frequency of the wave
- The unit of frequency is (a) ____________, named after (b) _____________ who established the existence of (c) _________.
- Another unit is (d) __________.
(a) Hertz (Hz), (b) Heinrich Hertz, (c) radio waves, (d) cycle per second (CPS)
- The distance between the crests is the (a) ___________.
- The unit of (a) _______ is in (b) ________.
- (c) _________ (micro, nano, femto, kilo) are added depending on the value of wavelength.
- (a) ___________ is represented by the Greek letter (d) __________.
(a) wavelength, (b) meter, (c) prefixes, (d) lambda (λ)
The unit of energy is called _______________.
electron volts (eV) or Joule (J)