employment contract

Question 1

what is an employment contract

Answer 1

an agreement of wills between two parties with full capacity to exercise rights and accept obligations

Question 2

general notions from contract law

Answer 2

1. an agreement of wills
   b. a legal relationship is created

Question 3

elementos del employment contract según artículo 23 codigo sustantivo del trabajo

Answer 3

1. personal services rendered by the employee
2. payment as retribution for those services
3. continued subordination and dependence

Question 4

quién decide si hay un contrato de trabajo?

Answer 4

Solo el juez puede determinar si estos 3 requisitos se cumplen por el principle of primacy of reality over formalities

Question 5

personal services rendered by the employee

Answer 5

• develop the physical or intellectual activity for which it was hired.
• employment is intuit personae

Question 6

payment as retribution for those services

Answer 6

• the main obligation of the employee: pay the salary as compensation for the services rendered by the employee
• salary can be in money or kind
• the absence of salary does not invalidate the existence of an employment contract.

Question 7

continued subordination and dependence

Answer 7

• the faculty of the employer to demand from the employee compliance with orders regarding the method, time, place, quantity, quality of the work to be performed
• it is the faculty to determine how the hired services is performed

Question 8

presumption of an employment relationship

Answer 8

• employer is the one that has to prove the employment contract doesn’t exist.
• no se puede probar un negativo indefinido, se puede probar que sí hubo contrato.
• it is a legal presumption.
• la única forma de desvirtuar la relación es probar que no hubo subordinación, que hubo independencia y autonomía en la prestación del servicio.

Question 9

concurrence of legal relationships

Answer 9

puede una persona ser employee pero también ser socio mientras que los servicios as a contractor are independent and autonomous.
ej. Manuel Gaona estudiante del externado y portero

Question 10

coexistence of employment contracts

Answer 10

• it is the possibility for an employee to have two concurrent and independent employment relationships.
• the employee must be in a condition to perform both contracts
• the performance of one employment contract is not just cause for the violation of the other employment contract
  a menos que haya un acuerdo de exclusividad

Question 11

exclusivity agreement

Answer 11

• la corte decidió que sólo se puede si no puede provide the services due to the services of the other contract
• no se puede simplemente decirle que no puede trabajar en otras actividades.
  ej. no puede trabajar en una panadería que es mi competencia - sí es posible
  no puede trabajar en un callcenter - no es posible

Question 12

acuerdos de no competencia/non compete agreement

Answer 12

una vez concluido el contrato, no se le puede prohibir trabajar con la competencia

Question 13

para trabajar se necesita capacidad?

Answer 13

si, mayoría de edad según artículo 29
pero the minimum age to work is 15 years old - but you will need authorization of the ministry of work

Question 14

what if a minor with less than 14 years old is working

Answer 14

it will be void but the minor will be entitled to all minimum and indisputable employment rights.
are entitled to the minimum monthly statutory salary even if they work less than the minimum working schedule.

Question 15

ley que regula trabajo de menores

Answer 15

ley 1098 de 2006

Question 16

qué dice la ley 1098 de 2006 sobre el trabajo de menores

Answer 16

• employees of 15 and 16 years old can only work maximum 6 hours per day and 30 hours per week. they cannot work latter than 6pm
• employees of 17 years old can work 8 hours per day and 40 hours per week

Question 17

what is the external representation

Answer 17

who can validly can represent the employer from third parties

Question 18

la representación legal puede ser

Answer 18

1. expresa
2. formal

Question 19

characteristics of a legal representative

Answer 19

1. has only the express faculties granted by the competent corporate body. the certificate of incorporation tells who is the LR and which are her faculties.
2. does not have to be an employee of the company it represents. it can be a third party that was designated.
3. not necessarily represents the “intenal representation” not towards its employees.

Question 20

what is internal representation

Answer 20

who inside an organization can represent the employee.

Question 21

characteristics of internal representation

Answer 21

1. is not formal, it can be formal but not necessarily, si está en la ley, convención o work regulation.
2. you will not find it en la cámara de comercio
3. there is some positions there is no doubt that they can validly represent the employer: directores, gerentes, administradores, síndicos