Employment

Question 1

What are multinational companies?

Answer 1

Multinational companies are organisations that operate in more than one country.

Question 2

Why do people work?

Answer 2

• to earn money
• to offer their skills
• to gain experience and learn new skills
• to develop their career

Question 3

What are some of the challenges that jobseekers face?

Answer 3

• In general, people are more educated and have more qualifications, creating more competition for jobs
• technology changes what skills and work a particular job might require

Question 4

Define the term ‘employment’

Answer 4

All persons aged 15 years and over who (during the week of the employment survey) worked for one hour or more for any form of payment in a job, business or farm.

Question 5

What are the types of unemployment?

Answer 5

1. Seasonal unemployment (factors relating to the climate)
2. Structural unemployment (changes to the structure of economy)
3. Cyclical unemployment
   (changes in the economic cycle)
4. Frictional unemployment
   (people leaving one job to look for another)
5. Long-term unemployment
   (people out of work for 12+ months)

Question 6

What are penalty rates?

Answer 6

Penalty rates are extra allowances for working outside standard working hours.

Question 7

What can the government do to manage unemployment?

Answer 7

• provide incentives for employers to take on more workers (subsidies for offering to employ the long-term unemployed).
• provide welfare benefits and other assistance to the unemployed and job-seekers.
• allocate more funding to TAFE and other education providers to train the unemployed.

Question 8

What are some challenges that older workers face?

Answer 8

• physically incapable of work (health restrictions)
• mentally incapable
• unable to use technology
• competition with younger workers
• might be more difficult to learn new skills

Question 9

Define “under utilisation”

Answer 9

Under utilisation is not using all of the skills of all people in an economy.

Question 10

Define ‘full employment’

Answer 10

Full employment is when every person who is willing or able to work is able to find employment.

Question 11

Who is not included in the ABS classification? What are the outcomes of this?

Answer 11

Workers who were not working at the time of the survey, or

Question 12

What are the types of unemployment. Provide an example for each.

Answer 12

• seasonal:
• structural:
• cycical:
• frictional:
• long-term:

Question 13

How can high youth unemployment affect the individual?

Answer 13

• risk of poverty
• social exclusion
• mental health problems
• lack of job opportunities

Question 14

How can high youth unemployment affect other groups and individuals?

Answer 14

• relationship issues

- increased tax goes to welfare payments

Question 15

How does high adult or youth unemployment affect regions in society?

Answer 15

High unemployment in regional areas:

• increase in welfare payments
• decrease in goods and services being produced
• decrease in the GDP

Question 16

What are the challenges young people face in finding work?

Answer 16

• more competitive in job selections (more qualifications and higher education required)
• technology advances change what skills are needed for a particular job

Question 17

What are the challenges facing older workers in finding work?

Answer 17

• health issues (physical and mental)
• competition with younger workers
• difficult learning new skills (technology)

Question 18

Describe how technology can impact on levels of employment:

Answer 18

• could provide new jobs involving or related to technology

- could decrease amount of jobs if machinery replaces them

Question 19

Positives of replacing humans with machines:

Answer 19

• no sick leave
• higher quality goods, more efficient
• no wages to pay

Question 20

Negatives of replacing humans with machines:

Answer 20

• expensive (initial cost + maintenance)
• unreliable
• environmental impact

Question 21

Government strategies to respond to high youth unemployment:

Answer 21

• provide businesses with financial incentives to hire youth

- allocate more funding to TAFE and courses

Question 22

Individual strategies to respond to high youth unemployment:

Answer 22

• apply for a variety of different jobs

- move away from home

Question 23

Business strategies to respond to high youth unemployment:

Answer 23

• offer work experience placements

- employ more youth workers

Question 24

Positives and negatives of being a seasonal worker

Answer 24

+ don’t have to work for the entire year
+ cash in hand
- weather conditions might make work unpleasant
- difficult manual labour

Question 25

Positives and negatives of employing a seasonal worker:

Answer 25

+ lower wages, no holiday pay or super Anniston

• lower quality of goods if workers aren’t efficient
• unreliable