Empiric Therapy

Question 1

first line systemic tx of canine superficial bacterial folliculitis/pyoderma

Answer 1

clindamycin, first gen cephalosporins (cefalexin), amoxi-clav, TMS
often need 4-6 week treatment

Question 2

first line tx of uncomplicated/sporadic UTI

Answer 2

amoxicillin, amoxi-clav, TMS
3-5 days

Question 3

first line tx of complicated/recurrent UTI

Answer 3

guided by C/S, but consider amoxicillin, amoxi-clav, or TMS initially

Question 4

first line tx of pyelonephritis or prostatitis

Answer 4

start with fluoroquinolone (enro) or TMS. reassess based on C/S
4-6 weeks

Question 5

first line tx of bacterial URI

Answer 5

doxycycline or amoxicillin or amoxi-clav PO

Question 6

first line tx of lower respiratory tract infection in dogs and cats

Answer 6

beta-lactam and an aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone
start broad spectrum b/c often aerobic and anaerobic organisms

Question 7

first line tx of osteomyelitis

Answer 7

cephalosporins, clindamycin, amoxi-clav, TMS, fluoroquinolones

Question 8

drugs used for regional limb perfusion or IA injection

Answer 8

amikacin, ceftiofur, (meropenem only w/ culture)

Question 9

what are indications for prophylactic antibiotics for dental procedures and what drug should be used

Answer 9

immunosuppression, underlying heart disease?, renal/hepatic disease
cefoxitin inj

Question 10

first line tx of dental disease

Answer 10

amoxi-clav, amp-sulbactam, clindamycin, doxy, chloramphenicol, metronidazole
need anaerobic coverage
abx not to be used as monotherapy for dental dz

Question 11

first line tx of sepsis

Answer 11

dog/cat: fluoroquinolone plus potentiated aminopenicillin OR fluoroquinolone plus cephalosporin

horse: aminoglycoside plus beta-lactam OR fluoroquinolone plus beta-lactam OR high dose ceftiofur

Question 12

first line tx of endocarditis

Answer 12

penicillin w/ BLI and fluoroquinolone
dog/cat: Unasyn (ampicillin/sulbactam) and baytril (enro)
horse: baytril (enro) and K-pen

Question 13

first line tx of heptaobiliary diseases

Answer 13

dog/cat: amoxi-clav, enrofloxacin (prado in cats), metronidazole
horse: TMS plus metronidazole OR enrofloxacin plus metronidazole

Question 14

what is an appropriate use of metronidazole for GI dz?

Answer 14

confirmed giardiasis or clostridial infection

Question 15

first line tx of potomac horse fever

Answer 15

oxytet

Question 16

first line tx of salmonellosis in horses

Answer 16

enrofloxacin

Question 17

first line tx of GI dz in horses

Answer 17

Kpen+gentamycin or Kpen+enro for primary dz or preventing secondary infection

around here, use oxytet because of potomac horse fever

Question 18

T/F: diabetes in a cat with UTI means that it need long course of antibiotics

Answer 18

false! treat with amoxi-clav for 7 days and treat the diabetes

Question 19

what drugs are labeled for Strep zoo pneumonia in horses

Answer 19

TMS, Naxcel (ceftiofur), Excede (ceftiofur)
can also use penicillin
treat for 10-14 days

Question 20

what is the treatment of choice for beta-hemolytic strep

Answer 20

beta-lactams

Question 21

what is the treatment of choice for gram-negatives

Answer 21

aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones

Question 22

what is the treatment of choice for obligate anaerobes

Answer 22

metronidazole

Question 23

what is the treatment of choice for rickettsia

Answer 23

tetracyclines