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Empires Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of empire?

A

A group of countries ruled over by a single leader/ruling power

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2
Q

Definition of colony?

A

A country ruled over by an empire

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3
Q

Definition of trade?

A

Exchange of goods with the empire in mind, more trade = more wealth

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4
Q

Definition of mercantilism?

A

A country protects its own trade

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5
Q

Definition of patriotism?

A

A love of one’s country - fuelled by symbols like flags or anthems

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6
Q

Definition of imports?

A

Good brought into the country

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7
Q

Definition of exports?

A

Good sold to another country

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8
Q

Definition of consumer?

A

Someone that buys + uses goods

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9
Q

What was the Atlantic slave trade?

A

Trading of slaves in a triangle from Europe to Africa to America then back

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10
Q

What was stage 1 of the slave trade?

A

Europe to West Africa. Europe trades cloth, metal, guns, alcohol for slaves

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11
Q

What was stage 2 of the slave trade?

A

Middle Passage - West Africa to the Americas

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12
Q

What was stage 3 of the slave trade?

A

Americas to Europe - Europeans take sugar, tobacco, rum, cotton, coffee

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13
Q

Why did Britain trade slaves?

A

Money, new goods, slaves for unwanted jobs, demand for new things

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14
Q

What was Benin like before Europeans?

A

Very developed, organised government, law courts, guilds, wealth, skilled metalworkers, trade of sugar, ivory, slaves

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15
Q

How did the slave trade effect Benin (power)?

A

Benin wasn’t colonised, no sea control

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16
Q

How did the slave trade effect Benin (wealth)?

A

Lots of wealth, division of Africa

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17
Q

How did the slave trade effect Benin (military)?

A

Militarised society, European military alliances

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18
Q

How did the slave trade effect Benin (society)?

A

Depopulation, split between slave traders/owners + slaves

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19
Q

How did the slave trade effect Benin (racism)?

A

Africans were seen as subhuman

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20
Q

What was India like before British rule (trade)?

A

Well established trade routes with lots of tradeable resources

21
Q

What was India like before British rule (religion)?

A

Religious tensions, dependent on emperor for excepted religion

22
Q

What was India like before British rule (power)?

A

Unstable with the Mughals losing power and India divided with rebellion making it easy to invade

23
Q

When was the East India company founded?

A

1599

24
Q

What was India like in 1599?

A

A group of small states with their own rulers

25
Q

Why were tensions between Britain and France high because of India?

A

France’s and Britain’s respective East India Companies were fighting for trade

26
Q

What happened in 1700 between the French and British East India Company?

A

A full scale war

27
Q

What deal did the British make with Indian rulers to help trade?

A

Help any ruler who protected British trade and destroy any ruler who blocked their trade

28
Q

What happened in 1757?

A

Robert Clive convinced an Indian general to help him overthrow the ruler of Bengal.

29
Q

What year did Britain take control of Bengal?

A

1757

30
Q

What happened to Robert Clive after Britain took control of Bengal?

A

He was seen as a ruler and was sent to rule Bengal and took many more Indian states under British rule and defeated the French

31
Q

By the 1850s how much of India was ruled by Britain?

A

60%

32
Q

How did Britain change India?

A

Banned traditional ceremonies, installed the British education system

33
Q

Why did British rule increase in India before 1857?

A

Commerce to conquest - when trade was threatened Britain would step in to solve them which increased their influence
French - Britain was threatened by France’s East India Company so Britain forced France out

34
Q

What happened in 1857?

A

The Sepoy Mutiny

35
Q

When did the sepoy mutiny happen?

A

1857

36
Q

What is a mutiny?

A

A rebellion of soldiers/sailors against authorities

37
Q

What is a sepoy?

A

An Indian soldier serving under British rule

38
Q

Why did Britain take direct control of India?

A

Failure of the East India Company, India was the jewel in the crown

39
Q

Why did the sepoys revolt (mainly)?

A

religion

40
Q

Why did the Sepoys revolt (religion)?

A

Beef and pork fat was used to grease guns which is against Hindus and Muslims. Missionaries tried to convert people and reverend Jennings believed all ‘false’ religions should be eliminated

41
Q

Why did the sepoys revolt (economic)?

A

High taxes, poor sepoy wage/pensions/service terms/promotion opportunities

42
Q

Who was Ghandi?

A

The spiritual leader who led the peaceful movement for Indian independence

43
Q

Why was Ghandi’s protests effective?

A

A violent response would make Britain the villain

44
Q

What happened when Ghandi visited London?

A

The people of London found they related more to Ghandi than their rulers

45
Q

How did British rule effect India economically?

A

Negative - less trade, British companies favoured
Positive - Infrastructure, mining

46
Q

How did British rule change India in terms of agriculture?

A

Positive - more fertile land
Negative - cash crops

47
Q

How did British rule change India politically?

A

Negative - Indians couldn’t vote

48
Q

How did British rule change Indian society?

A

Negative - British imposed, culture disappears
Positive - education

History (3 decks)

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