Emphysema Flashcards
1
Q
Obstructive lung (airway) disease are subdivided into:
A
- emphysema
- chronic bronchitis
- asthma
- bronchiectasis
2
Q
What is emphysema characterized by?
A
abnormal permanent enlargment of the air spaces distal to the terminal bronchioles, accompanied by destruction of their walls without significant fibrosis
3
Q
What is the anatomic site of emphysema?
A
acinus
4
Q
What are the major pathological changes in emphysema?
A
- air space enlargment
- wall destruction
5
Q
Emphysema etiology?
A
tobacco smoke
6
Q
Signs/symptoms of emphysema?
A
dyspnea
7
Q
Lobule =
A
three to five acini
8
Q
What are the 4 major types of emphysema?
A
- centriacinar
- panacinar
- distal acinar
- irregular
9
Q
What types of emphysema cause clinically significant airway obstruction?
A
- centriacinar
- panacinar
- centriacinar is about 20 times more common than panacinar disease
10
Q
Centriacinar (centrilobular) emphysema:
A
- central or proximal parts of the acini, formed by respiratory bronchioles, are affected, while distal alveoli are spared
- emphysematous and normal air spaces exist within the same acinus and lobule
- lesions are most severe in the upper lobes, particularly apical segments
- distal acinus can also become affected in the severe cases
- most commonly seen as a consequence of cigarette smoking in people who do not have congenital deficiency of α1-antitrypsin
11
Q
Panacinar (panlobular) emphysema:
A
- the acini are uniformly enlarged, from the level of the respiratory bronchioles to the terminal blind alveoli
- occur most commonly in the lower lung zones
- occurs in α1-antitrypsin deficiency
12
Q
PAGE
A
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