emotions in sport

Question 1

what is emotion?

Answer 1

Relatively short in duration response to specific event/ situation

Question 2

what are positively toned emotions?

Answer 2

happiness/ joy, excitement, pride, love

Question 3

what are negatively toned emotions?

Answer 3

anger, anxiety, fear, sadness, guilt

Question 4

what is cognitive anxiety?

Answer 4

concerns the degree to which one

worries or had negative thoughts

Question 5

what is somatic anxiety?

Answer 5

concerns the moment-to-moment changes

in perceived physiological activation.

Question 6

what is anger?

Answer 6

Linked with increases in physiological arousal narrowing attention and can disrupt attention away from the task at hand externally to aggressor or internally as a result of self-blame (Spielberger, 1991).

 Anger can also help direct focus particularly in ballistic tasks (Lazarus, 2000)

Question 7

what is dejection?

Answer 7

Related to low arousal and belief resulting in internal thoughts
hindering concentration (Frijda, 1994)

Question 8

what is excitement?

Answer 8

(Argued as facilitative anxiety) an arousal inducing emotion that
reflects positive expectations about reaching goals
 May help direct attention (Burton & Naylor, 1997)

Question 9

what is happiness?

Answer 9

• Low arousing form of joy which reflects progress towards a goal (Lazarus, 2000).
   Can possibly interrupt performance as thoughts can be diverted
  internally away from the task at hand (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997; Seibert & Ellis, 1991).
   Although happiness has been associated to successful performance this is only in retrospect to excellence (Csikszentmihalyi, 1997).

Question 10

what is IZOF evaluation? (Individual Zones of Optimal

Functioning)

Answer 10

Received support that both positive and negative emotions can be optimal and dynsfunctional for performance. (e.g., Pensgaard & Duda, 2003)

Question 11

two emotional control techniques?

Answer 11

Cognitive Strategies
 Self-talk
 Cognitive restructuring
 Imagery
Arousal Control Strategies
 Relaxation
 Centering
 Music