Emotions

Question 1

Emotions

Answer 1

• universal & Transient ( lasts only for short time)
• gives meaning to events
• included feelings( subjective experience)
• triggers neurophysiological reactions to the events that may have an effect to our welfare and requires immediate behavioural response
• when emotions are triggered, t

Question 2

Basic emotions

Answer 2

• Triggered by biological innate system of the brain
• Happy, Sad, Disgust, Angry, Fear, Surprise

Question 3

Self conscious emotions

Answer 3

Emotions associated with self - reflection
- like shame, guilt, pride and embarrassment

Question 4

Universality Studies

Answer 4

• Darwin explained that every culture have same set of basic emotions that have both communicative and adaptive value
  Universal emotions - happiness, sadness, surprise, fear, anger, disgust
• another emotion contempt was added later in the universal emotions
• further studies demonstrated that even in literate and preliterate cultures they identified the same six universal expressions ( emotions)
• like experiment done with blind atheletes
• experiment done with neonates, even they have fully developed muscles like an adult to show these emotions
• Twin family studies was another example and

Question 5

What did Further research provided after the original universality studies

Answer 5

• Facial expressions occurs when emotions are triggered in all cultures
• universal signals found in babies
  (Like disgust and crying)
• Transition from one emotion to another is found universal in human and nonhuman primates expressions.

Question 6

Emotion Antecedants

Answer 6

Events that trigger emotions
- like meeting a friend ( will show similar emotion universlly)
- someone died ( same emotion universally)

Question 7

Further evidence of universatality of basic emotions

Answer 7

-We recognise Emotions similarly across cultures
- similar physiological reactions to emotion
- subjective experience
- emotional response system coherence
- emotional antecedent
- emotion appraisal process

Question 8

Emotional Response system coherence

Answer 8

This means that our face , voice and physiology are related to each other in a meaningful way.

Question 9

Happiness - underlying elicit emotions

Answer 9

Goal attainment or accomplishment

Question 10

Anger

Answer 10

Goal obstruction

Question 11

Sadness

Answer 11

Loss of loved one or object

Question 12

Disgust

Answer 12

Contamination

Question 13

Fear

Answer 13

Threat to physical or psychological well-being

Question 14

Surprise

Answer 14

New or Novel object ( Novel means changing because it’s new)

Question 15

Contempt

Answer 15

Moral Superiority

Question 16

Evolution of human species and emotions

Answer 16

• help us to evaluate the significance of events and situations in reliable and predictable ways
• helps in understanding important social meanings
• help us to cope, adapt and respond to situations regardless of culture.

Question 17

Why culture influences emotion

Answer 17

To create coordination and organisation among cultural group.

Question 18

How culture influences emotion

Answer 18

1 - creating rules, values, beliefs norms and guidelines regulating the emotions
2 - regulation biological based basic emotions
3- constructing unique emotional experiences
4 - constructing unique concepts, meaning , attitudes, value and beliefs about emotion

Question 19

Front end Calbiration

Answer 19

• Culture influences what events their members need to experience emotion and in what way,
  Like meeting a friend.

Question 20

Back end Calibration

Answer 20

• culture influences how the emotion is supposed to expressed in the event.
  Like if you don’t agree to someone’s statement of your family member ( in some cultures they will still want you to be silent about it)

Question 21

Deamplification

Answer 21

Express less than you actually felt

Question 22

Amplification

Answer 22

Express more than you actually feel

Question 23

Neutralisation

Answer 23

Show nothing

Question 24

Qualification

Answer 24

Show emotion but with another emotion to comment on it
( being angry with someone but also showing that you are concerned about them)

Question 25

Masking

Answer 25

Masking or conceiling your feelings

Question 26

Simulation

Answer 26

Show emotion not felt

Question 27

Emotion Judgement and culture

Answer 27

Individualistic cultures are good at recognising fear, anger , disgust , surprise, joy , contempt sadness than the conservatives cultures

Question 28

In group emotional expressions

Answer 28

• We express more emotions to ingroups than outgroups
• Also have the tendency to believe outgroups are inhuman.

Question 29

Socially engaging emotions

Answer 29

• caused by interpendence such as friendliness , sympathy, guilt and shame

Question 30

Socially disengaging cultures

Answer 30

• occurs out of independence
  ( pride, self esteem, silliness or frustration)

Question 31

Emotional complexity

Answer 31

Pleasant and unpleasant emotions happening at the same time

Question 32

Dialectical thinking

Answer 32

Accepting contradictions in thought or beliefs

Question 33

Categories of emotion

Answer 33

• hypercognize
• Hypocognize

Question 34

Hypercognize

Answer 34

When a culture has multiple words or variations to express that emotion

Question 35

Hypocognize

Answer 35

When some cultures have fewer variations to express that emotion

Question 36

Can some cultures not even have a word for some emotions?

Answer 36

Yes. Some cultures didn’t even have a word for Emotion. It sometimes mean different to what it means in English.
But that doesn’t mean that they don’t have any importance to them.