Emotion

Question 1

Emotion is?.reaction to a st, includes cog ev, physio ar, and a beha response.ev->fe->beh

Answer 1

.Emotion is essentially a reaction to a stimulus that includes a cognitive appraisal, physiological arousal, and causes a behavioral response.event -> feeling -> behavior

Question 2

3 ways to measure emotion?.se re? how do u.physi?.beh

Answer 2

.self reports. how do you feel?.physiological measurements, skin conductance, heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, brain activity.behaviors, facial/vocal expressions, running/attack, measured by objective observer

Question 3

good theory of emotion includes these 4 things.cog/app.fee.physio ch.beh

Answer 3

.cognitions/appraisals.feelings.physiological changes.behaviors

Question 4

James-Lange theory of emotion (4).ev-> cog/app -> phy ch & beh -> fee.what was unique about this?.if one part of did not occur, it was a?

Answer 4

.Event –> Cognition/Appraisal –> Physiological Change & Behavior –> Feeling.it was an ORDERED model.if one step did not occur, it was only a partial response

Question 5

Cannon-Bard Theory.event, then?.the big thing?.this theory was an important? to how?

Answer 5

.An event happens, and causes reactions in cognition/appraisal, feelings, and physiological change & behavior.big thing is that THERE IS NO CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE THREE, no influence, but they are parallel.this theory an important intermediate step to how we conceive of emotions now

Question 6

Schacter-Singer Theory.all emotions evoke similar?.so the diff between one emotion and another is?.physiological arousal only determines?.how is Schacter-Singer compared to Cannon-Bard?

Answer 6

.all emotions evoke similar physiological arousal.the difference between one emotion and another is our COGNITIVE APPRAISAL, not the feeling or physiology aspect.physiological arousal only determines how STRONG the emotion will be.compared to Cannon-Bard, an event happens, but all three influence each other (imagine arrows)

Question 7

Snake example.Schacter-Singer?.Cannon-Bard?.James-Lange?

Answer 7

.Schacter-Singer: my heart’s pounding, i must be scared because there’s a snake.Cannon-Bard: there’s a snake, i’m scared, my heart’s pounding too.James-Lange: event, there’s a snake, my heart’s pounding, i must be scared

Question 8

THESE ARE THEORIES OF EMOTION (not structure).Schacter-Singer.Cannon-Bard.James-Lange

Answer 8

sf

Question 9

What is the structure of emotion? aka?vs?

Answer 9

AKA, how do we distinguish among and categorize emotionsvs Theories of Emotion, how it arises/occurs

Question 10

Russell’s Circumplex Model.all emotions can be mapped along two dimensions:.cont?

Answer 10

.Arousal and Pleasantness/Valence.CONTINUOUS

Question 11

Self-Assessment Manikin.based off of?.has sp of pictures? for?.used in th of st?

Answer 11

.based off of Russell’s circumplex model.has spectrum of pictures to indicate magnitude of arousal, and pleasantness/valence.used in thousands of studies

Question 12

Watson & Tellegen’s Model.what two axes? cont?.suggests?.CONT

Answer 12

.measured emotions on positive affect vs negative affect.suggests positive/negative emotions could exist concurrently.CONTINUOUS

Question 13

Plutchik’s 3d circumplex model.extreme in? intensity changes as?.disc?

Answer 13

.extreme in centre, intensity changes as move outward of cone.much more discrete measure, not continuous

Question 14

Ekman’s?.how many, d, called what?.any emotion is a?.these are cross? uni? (at least in terms of)

Answer 14

Ekman’s basic facial expressions of emotions.6 discrete basic emotions.any emotion is a composite of these basic 6.these emotions are cross-cultural, universal (at least in terms of facial expressions)

Question 15

Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)aka?.measures, across?.if aroused/emotional?.sweat then?.very?

Answer 15

.aka Skin Conductance Response.measures electrical resistance across two points on skin.if aroused/emotional, sweat more!.sweat decreases resistance because it is conductive.very sensitive, sometimes used in lie detectors

Question 16

Cortisol.hi arousal related to?.secreted by, as a?.measured thru?

Answer 16

.hi arousal related to hi cortisol.secreted by adrenal glands as a stress response.measured thru saliva or blood sample

Question 17

Skydiving Study (Yonelinas).measured, via?.asked participants to?.half, half?.those who jumped? rem?THEREFORE, inc?

Answer 17

.measured cortisol via saliva.asked participants to remember set of words.half skydived, half control group (waited).those who jumped, increased cortisol, remembered the words better!.THEREFORE, cortisol increases memory capacity!

Question 18

Ways to Induce Mood(these are done?).give?.cold?.prepare a?.music? and images?

Answer 18

(done/induce BEFORE a task).give a gift (positive mood).cold pressor test (negative mood, stress response).prepare a speech (negative mood, stress response).music can induce positive/neutral/negative mood states

Question 19

Emotional Stimuli.the stimuli themselves are?e.g.?

Answer 19

.the stimuli themselves have an emotional valencee.g. do they remember positive stimuli better?

Question 20

Emotion Induction, Co-Occuring w/ Stimulimeans?.Sh or He? Calibrated w?.increment until can’t, then back off to?.rewards?.what’s good about this all?

Answer 20

.this happens alongside stimuli, and is not as open to interpretation, more reliable.Shock or Heat, calibrated with VAS (Visual Analogue Scale).increment until can’t handle it, then back off to 80%.reward paired with task, choose bigger or smaller reward.RELIABLE, not an image so not open to interpreation

Question 21

Important RL between pl/va and ar?(from international affective picture system).a what shaped function?.as pleasure deviates from midpoint….SAME ALSO HAPPENS WITH

Answer 21

U SHAPED FUNCTIONpleasure/valence of emotional stimuli and arousal.as pleasure deviates from midpoint, arousal increases!.same also happens with WORDS

Question 22

Brain Processing Emotions.Eyes, Visual Thalamus, Visual Cortext, Amygdala (shortcut tho), Physiological Responses (HR, BP, Mus?)

Answer 22

.eyes perceive stimulus, goes to visual thalamus.visual thalamus sends an unprocessed image to amygdala, and sends for further processing to visual cortext.processed image then comes back from visual cortext, and to the amygdala.amygdala can respond faster with the unprocessed image from visual thalamus.this creates physiological responses (HR, BP, muscle)

Question 23

What is fear conditioning?e.g.? Little A, Little H?.historically, most rigorous research on, is?

Answer 23

When a fear response is conditioned to an otherwise neutral stimulus or inappropriate stimuluis.Lil Albert, rat and classical conditioning, loud noise, white rat.Lil Hans, scared by giant horse collapse in front of him, freud tried to help.historically most rigorous research on emotion is fear conditioning!!

Question 24

Amygdala.learning centre for?.activates most for?.but can optimize itself to be responsive to?

Answer 24

.learning centre for emotional processing.activates most for negative stimuli.can optimize itself to be responsive to a certain kind of stimuli (positive?)

Question 25

Claparede & Needle Exp.type of patient?.Claparede would, but patient would?.later, patient wouldn’t.so no ep mem, but an EM mem?

Answer 25

.Korsakoff’s patient, amnesia a symptom.Claparede would shake with needle in hand, but patient would forget due to amnesia.later patient, wouldn’t shake hand.so no episodic memory, but emotional memory!.could not articulate why

Question 26

Urbach-Weithe Disease.rare, con?.don’t develop a?.don’t experience, but can verbally report?

Answer 26

.rare, congenital disease.do not develop a functional amygdala.don’t experience fear, but can verbally report liking not liking

Question 27

PTSD as?.in battlefield vs after battlefield?.the a becomes? slightest?.overrides the?.causes ? to shrink, hampers further learning, making recovery?

Answer 27

maladaptive fear conditioning.strong reactions to battle conditions can save life on battle field, but strong reactions to benign stimuli after battlefield (large noises) are maladaptive.the amygdala becomes oversensitive, slightest stimuli will activate it.overrides hippocampus context-recognition abilities!.causes hippocampus to shrink, which hampers further learning, makign recovery difficult!

Question 28

chronic stress in monkeys causes _____ to _____

Answer 28

dendrites to shrivel