Emotion Flashcards
Emotion is?.reaction to a st, includes cog ev, physio ar, and a beha response.ev->fe->beh
.Emotion is essentially a reaction to a stimulus that includes a cognitive appraisal, physiological arousal, and causes a behavioral response.event -> feeling -> behavior
3 ways to measure emotion?.se re? how do u.physi?.beh
.self reports. how do you feel?.physiological measurements, skin conductance, heart rate, blood pressure, sweating, brain activity.behaviors, facial/vocal expressions, running/attack, measured by objective observer
good theory of emotion includes these 4 things.cog/app.fee.physio ch.beh
.cognitions/appraisals.feelings.physiological changes.behaviors
James-Lange theory of emotion (4).ev-> cog/app -> phy ch & beh -> fee.what was unique about this?.if one part of did not occur, it was a?
.Event –> Cognition/Appraisal –> Physiological Change & Behavior –> Feeling.it was an ORDERED model.if one step did not occur, it was only a partial response
Cannon-Bard Theory.event, then?.the big thing?.this theory was an important? to how?
.An event happens, and causes reactions in cognition/appraisal, feelings, and physiological change & behavior.big thing is that THERE IS NO CAUSAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE THREE, no influence, but they are parallel.this theory an important intermediate step to how we conceive of emotions now
Schacter-Singer Theory.all emotions evoke similar?.so the diff between one emotion and another is?.physiological arousal only determines?.how is Schacter-Singer compared to Cannon-Bard?
.all emotions evoke similar physiological arousal.the difference between one emotion and another is our COGNITIVE APPRAISAL, not the feeling or physiology aspect.physiological arousal only determines how STRONG the emotion will be.compared to Cannon-Bard, an event happens, but all three influence each other (imagine arrows)
Snake example.Schacter-Singer?.Cannon-Bard?.James-Lange?
.Schacter-Singer: my heart’s pounding, i must be scared because there’s a snake.Cannon-Bard: there’s a snake, i’m scared, my heart’s pounding too.James-Lange: event, there’s a snake, my heart’s pounding, i must be scared
THESE ARE THEORIES OF EMOTION (not structure).Schacter-Singer.Cannon-Bard.James-Lange
sf
What is the structure of emotion? aka?vs?
AKA, how do we distinguish among and categorize emotionsvs Theories of Emotion, how it arises/occurs
Russell’s Circumplex Model.all emotions can be mapped along two dimensions:.cont?
.Arousal and Pleasantness/Valence.CONTINUOUS
Self-Assessment Manikin.based off of?.has sp of pictures? for?.used in th of st?
.based off of Russell’s circumplex model.has spectrum of pictures to indicate magnitude of arousal, and pleasantness/valence.used in thousands of studies
Watson & Tellegen’s Model.what two axes? cont?.suggests?.CONT
.measured emotions on positive affect vs negative affect.suggests positive/negative emotions could exist concurrently.CONTINUOUS
Plutchik’s 3d circumplex model.extreme in? intensity changes as?.disc?
.extreme in centre, intensity changes as move outward of cone.much more discrete measure, not continuous
Ekman’s?.how many, d, called what?.any emotion is a?.these are cross? uni? (at least in terms of)
Ekman’s basic facial expressions of emotions.6 discrete basic emotions.any emotion is a composite of these basic 6.these emotions are cross-cultural, universal (at least in terms of facial expressions)
Galvanic Skin Response (GSR)aka?.measures, across?.if aroused/emotional?.sweat then?.very?
.aka Skin Conductance Response.measures electrical resistance across two points on skin.if aroused/emotional, sweat more!.sweat decreases resistance because it is conductive.very sensitive, sometimes used in lie detectors
Cortisol.hi arousal related to?.secreted by, as a?.measured thru?
.hi arousal related to hi cortisol.secreted by adrenal glands as a stress response.measured thru saliva or blood sample
Skydiving Study (Yonelinas).measured, via?.asked participants to?.half, half?.those who jumped? rem?THEREFORE, inc?
.measured cortisol via saliva.asked participants to remember set of words.half skydived, half control group (waited).those who jumped, increased cortisol, remembered the words better!.THEREFORE, cortisol increases memory capacity!
Ways to Induce Mood(these are done?).give?.cold?.prepare a?.music? and images?
(done/induce BEFORE a task).give a gift (positive mood).cold pressor test (negative mood, stress response).prepare a speech (negative mood, stress response).music can induce positive/neutral/negative mood states
Emotional Stimuli.the stimuli themselves are?e.g.?
.the stimuli themselves have an emotional valencee.g. do they remember positive stimuli better?
Emotion Induction, Co-Occuring w/ Stimulimeans?.Sh or He? Calibrated w?.increment until can’t, then back off to?.rewards?.what’s good about this all?
.this happens alongside stimuli, and is not as open to interpretation, more reliable.Shock or Heat, calibrated with VAS (Visual Analogue Scale).increment until can’t handle it, then back off to 80%.reward paired with task, choose bigger or smaller reward.RELIABLE, not an image so not open to interpreation
Important RL between pl/va and ar?(from international affective picture system).a what shaped function?.as pleasure deviates from midpoint….SAME ALSO HAPPENS WITH
U SHAPED FUNCTIONpleasure/valence of emotional stimuli and arousal.as pleasure deviates from midpoint, arousal increases!.same also happens with WORDS
Brain Processing Emotions.Eyes, Visual Thalamus, Visual Cortext, Amygdala (shortcut tho), Physiological Responses (HR, BP, Mus?)
.eyes perceive stimulus, goes to visual thalamus.visual thalamus sends an unprocessed image to amygdala, and sends for further processing to visual cortext.processed image then comes back from visual cortext, and to the amygdala.amygdala can respond faster with the unprocessed image from visual thalamus.this creates physiological responses (HR, BP, muscle)
What is fear conditioning?e.g.? Little A, Little H?.historically, most rigorous research on, is?
When a fear response is conditioned to an otherwise neutral stimulus or inappropriate stimuluis.Lil Albert, rat and classical conditioning, loud noise, white rat.Lil Hans, scared by giant horse collapse in front of him, freud tried to help.historically most rigorous research on emotion is fear conditioning!!
Amygdala.learning centre for?.activates most for?.but can optimize itself to be responsive to?
.learning centre for emotional processing.activates most for negative stimuli.can optimize itself to be responsive to a certain kind of stimuli (positive?)
