Developmental Psychology

Question 1

Eco-Cultural Perspective.some parenting practices/beliefs reflect?

Answer 1

.some parenting practices/beliefs reflect adaptation to the natural environment

Question 2

Big questions in developmental psych1. con or dis?2. one course of dev, or?3. na or nur?

Answer 2

1. Continuous (gradual) or discontinuous (developmental stages)2. One course of development or many3. Nature or nurture?

Question 3

each child grows up in a _____ _____..combinations of g and e? (e.g.)

Answer 3

Each child grows up in a unique context.combinations of genes and environments (culture, family, unique skills, community resources)

Question 4

Historical views of childhoodMedieval, regarded as sep?16th, puritan?17th, John Locke’s?18th, Roussea?20th, Hall, founder of? normative?

Answer 4

.Medievel, childhood regarded as separate phase with special needs.16th Century, Puritan “child depravity” views.17th Century, John Locke’s tabula rasa view.18th Century, Roussea’s noble savages view.20th Century, Stanley Hall, fouder of child study movement. Normative approach to understanding development

Question 5

Harlow noted a discrepancy between? so studied?

Answer 5

Studied love and affectionate bonds.Noticed a discrepancy in interest levels b/t general public and academics

Question 6

Harlow challenged what common ideas about caregiver-infant bond?.bond develops b/c of…bond develops as a…example: why do monkeys learn?

Answer 6

.Bond develops because of learned association (mother - food).Bond develops as a byproduct of the reduction of basic drives (hunger, thirst, pain).example, why do monkeys learn puzzles for sake of working on puzzles?

Question 7

What did Harlow discover with wire and cloth mothers?WHAT was the primary motivator for attachment?

Answer 7

Monkeys preferred cloth mothers, even though the wire mothers reduced a drive!CONTACT COMFORT was the primary motivator for attachment

Question 8

Attachment:

Answer 8

emotional bonds between infant and direct caregivers

Question 9

Attachment Theory (BOWLBY).attachment to caregiver is the….Attachment develops… consolidates b/t?.The caregiver acts as a?

Answer 9

.Attachment to caregiver is the foundation for behavior.Attachment develops early, consolidates between 6-12 mos.Caregiver acts as a secure base for the child!

Question 10

Secure Base Behavior.infant maintains?

Answer 10

.infant maintains reassuring psychological contact with caregiver WHILE exploring (looks, smiles, touch)

Question 11

What were Mary Ainsworth’s major contributions?.concept of attachment figure as…identification of infant-mother attachment patterns as….concept of parental sensitivity to infant a…

Answer 11

.concept of attachment figure as a secure base..identification of infant-mother attachment patterns as INDICATORS of relationship QUALITY..concept of parental sensitivity to infant a PRECURSOR to SECURE ATTACHMENT

Question 12

Ainsworth’s Strange Situation Test.goal?.infant in?.caregiver and unknown adult…behavior?

Answer 12

.goal: assess attachment systematically.infant in unfamiliar room with toys.caregiver and unknown adult move in and out in a prescribed sequence.behavior observed in each situation

Question 13

Types of Attachment (Secure).explored br.interacted w?.happy to be?.curi?

Answer 13

.explored bravely, interacted with stranger, but HAPPY to be reunited with mother.not overly dependent, CURIOUS

Question 14

Types of Attachment (Avoidant).no behavior change when?.no emotion when?.appeared?.PARENT may be?.friendlier with?

Answer 14

.no behavior change when mother left.no emotion when mother returned.appeared aloof.parent may be distant or rigid!.friendlier with strangers

Question 15

Ambivalent Attachment.anxious when? hard to, by? rel/ang mother return?.caused by

Answer 15

.anxious mother left, hard to soothe by stranger, relieved/angry at mother’s return.caused by inconsistent caregiving

Question 16

Disorganized Attachment.random when? seemed on?.mom might be?

Answer 16

.random responses when mother left, disoriented/dazed when returned.mom might be depressed

Question 17

What promotes secure attachment?

Answer 17

CAREGIVER SENSITIVITY to child’s needs and intentions

Question 18

Haslowe: demonstratedBowlby: theorizedAinsworth: parental, patterns in, experimental

Answer 18

Haslowe demonstrated attachment, disconfirmed drive-reduction hypothesisBowlby theorized attachment theory, what attachment wasAinsworth: parental sensitivity, patterns in attachment, experimental evidence