Emotion

Question 1

What is the main function of emotions

Answer 1

motivate action, promote survival, communicate out feelings

Question 2

Darwin: origins of emotion
- what direct link is there?
- cross culturally?

Answer 2

human emotions based on limited set of basic emotions that are species universal
links are innate, found in young babies
direct link: inner emotional states (feelings) & facial expressions
cross culturally: a lot of agreement about what facial expression should reflect

Question 3

different components of emotion (physiological responses, cognitive, motor component, etc)

Answer 3

emotion physiological response:
- facial expressions -> indicate internal feelings/help predict our behavior
- FACS -> (facial action coding system) each emotion correspond to distinct muscle compilation

Question 4

basic emotions & age when they are identifiable: primary emotions

Answer 4

contentment - joy, interest - surprise, distress - sadness - anger, disgust - fear

Question 5

basic emotions and age when they are identifiable: positive emotions

Answer 5

smiling -> 1 month: smiling but limited (reflexive) -> prenatal smile in ultrasound experiencing happiness?
- 3 months: social smiles (encourage care?)

happiness -> 2 month: smile when control event
- 7 months: smile more at familiar people

Question 6

basic emotions and age when they are identifiable: negative emotions

Answer 6

newborns: present but can be difficult to differential

2 months: expression for anger and sadness distinct from distress/apin

anger -> easy to differentiate by 12 month
- when control is taken away

sadness -> whens permeated from parents, when not in control

Question 7

basic emotions and age when they are identifiable of negative emotions: how else to differentiate?

Answer 7

A functional perspective -> rely less of facial expressions and more on circumstance
- how emotions are elicited by things in environment
- some emotions are best characterized by their functional emotion

Question 8

Stranger anxiety

Answer 8

6/7 months - 2 years

reflects strengthening attachment to parents

increases over time until about age 2

evolutionarily adaptive

Question 9

Separation anxiety

Answer 9

8-15 months

distress from leaving or being left by primary caregiver

amount of distress varies by contact

occurs cross-culturally

Question 10

stages of emotions: birth to 6 months

Answer 10

primary emotions

contentment -> joy
interest -> surprise
distress > sadness -> anger
distress -> disgust -> fear

Question 11

stages of emotions: 1/2 years to 2 years

Answer 11

complex emotions

simple embarrassment
envy
empathy

Question 12

stages of emotions: 2 to 3 years

Answer 12

complex emotions

guilt
shame
pride
complex embarrassment

Question 13

Darwin: Facial Expressions

Disgust

Why do we make the face we do?

Answer 13

The reaction is not random
Everything a person is doing with their face is preventing whatever is harmful from being sensed –> adaptation due to evolution protecting use from things in the environment

Question 14

Darwin: Facial Expression

Surprise

Why do we make the face we do?

Answer 14

Open eyes and mouth because they want to see more of it –> adaptation that allows you to learn more about the world

Question 15

FACS

Answer 15

• Each emotion corresponds to distinct muscle compliation
• Expression presumed to be a window to underlying emotion
• Trained TSA in FACS after 9/11, investigators

FACS: facial action coding system