emorion and cognition

Question 1

emotions

Answer 1

state of feeling that involves physiological arousals, expressive behaviors, and a conscious experience

Question 2

anxiety

Answer 2

the fear of an unexpected or actual threat and uncertainty about one’s ability to cope

Question 3

vital et al (2003) true experiment

Answer 3

• to test the effects of anxiety on working memory
• 27 healthy individuals. the threat conditions as being told that they would get a small shock, and the safe condition they would not. to test their memory, they were given verbal and spatial tasks differing in difficulty. anxiety levels were measured
• participants under the threat condition had significantly higher levels of anxiety than those in the safe condition. anxiety had a significant impact on working memory performance for low difficulty visual tasks and both high and low difficulty spatial tasks, but not for high difficulty verbal tasks. a negative correlation was found between anxiety levels and working memory performance. increased anxiety can negatively affect cognition. anxiety may have a larger effect on cognition in easier tasks and less in hard tasks

Question 4

Brown and Kulik (1977) quasi experiment

Answer 4

• to investigate weather people have unusually vivid memories of highly emotional events
• 80 particopants both black and white were asked to recall the assasination of famous people such as JFK. they were also asked to recall memories of an emotionally intense personal event
• nearly all participants have very vivid memories of th assasinations of JFK, including what they were doing when they heard the news.. black people also had vivid memories of assasinations of civil rights leaders. 91% of participants said that they had an exceptionally vivid memory of an emotionally intense personal event
• emotionally intense events are remembered in detail

Question 5

talarico and lublin (2003)

Answer 5

• to see if the properties of flashbulb memory and their influence of emotion, and weather or not hey are consistent overtime compared to everyday memories
• the study began after 9/11- ghee y asked students to record their memory of first hearing about the attack, and of a recent everyday event. the same students were tested 1, 6 and 32 weeks later. for both flashbulb and everyday memories students also rated their emotional response, the vividness, and their perceived accuracy
• accuracy for the 9/11 memory and everyday memories did not differ, nothing declined over time, but vividness and believed accuracy declined for only the everyday memories. emotional response to th news correlated with later belief in accuracy of the memory, but not with the accuracy of the memory
• flashbulb memories are only special in their perceived accuracy (vividness), not the actual accuracy